RamosSidVanne_Unit2_Assignment

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Comparative Analysis of Domestic Violence: Exploring Key Issues in American Society and International Contexts Sid Vanne R. Ramos Purdue University Global CJ333: Family and Domestic Violence Professor Mike Pozesny November 1 st , 2023

Comparative Analysis of Domestic Violence: Exploring Key Issues in American Society and International Contexts Introduction This research aims to investigate and compare the definitions of domestic violence across different countries. The focus will be on understanding how the United States, Africa, Australia, Mexico, and South Korea interpret this social problem. The motivation behind this comparative analysis lies in the awareness that domestic violence can be perceived differently based on cultural and societal norms within each country. By examining these diverse interpretations, the study aims to offer a comprehensive overview, enabling a nuanced comprehension of domestic violence on a global scale. Four Types of Abuse in Domestic Violence Physical Abuse in Domestic Violence Based on the article by Kadiani et al. (2020), physical abuse in the context of domestic violence refers to a range of aggressive and harmful behaviors exhibited by the perpetrators toward their spouses. The study categorizes physical abuse into two main forms: moderate and severe. Moderate physical abuse involves acts such as pushing, shoving, grabbing, slapping, or any other actions that cause physical harm but may not necessarily lead to severe injuries. On the other hand, severe physical abuse comprises more intense and harmful actions, including kicking, hitting, attempting to hit with objects, beating up, choking, burning or scalding, threatening with a knife or gun, and using a knife or gun. Verbal Abuse in Domestic Violence Verbal abuse in domestic violence, as discussed by Cañete-Lairla and Gil-Lacruz (2018), refers to a pattern of coercive behaviors where the abusive partner utilizes verbal aggression,

disrespectful and insulting attitudes, blasphemies, silence, shouting, and threats as a means of asserting control and dominance over the victim within an intimate partner relationship. This form of abuse is characterized by the strategic manipulation and undermining of the victim, aiming to diminish their autonomy and increase their sense of dependence. Verbal abuse may serve as a precursor to more severe forms of violence, and its impact extends beyond the immediate verbal interactions, compromising the mental health and emotional well-being of the victim (Cañete-Lairla & Gil-Lacruz, 2018). Sexual Domestic Violence Sexual abuse within the context of domestic violence, as discussed in the article by Milic Babic, Leutar, and Dowling (2018), refers to any non-consensual sexual activity or coercion imposed on women with disabilities within intimate relationships or familial settings. This form of abuse involves forced or unwanted sexual acts, manipulation, or intimidation to gain compliance. Examples of sexual abuse mentioned in the study include instances where husbands forced women to have sex against their will and encounters with unknown individuals attempting sexual assault. The article emphasizes the close association between sexual abuse and the specific vulnerabilities of women with disabilities, noting that such abuse is a significant concern that contributes to the complex experiences of these women. Emotional Domestic Violence Emotional domestic violence, as depicted in the study conducted by Leigh, Peña, Anurudran, and Pai (2023), encompasses a range of abusive behaviors aimed at undermining the victim's self-worth, confidence, and emotional well-being within the context of domestic violence. Also referred to as psychological or emotional abuse, this form of violence is characterized by a systematic pattern of manipulation, control, and coercion designed to instill

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fear, insecurity, and dependency in the victim. Emotional domestic violence involves using words and actions to hurt the victim mentally and emotionally. This can include constant criticism, threats, making someone doubt their reality, isolating them from loved ones, and controlling their money and daily life. Perpetrators of emotional violence use tactics that erode the victim's self-esteem and create a sense of powerlessness, making it difficult for the victim to escape the abusive relationship (Leigh et al., 2023). Unlike physical violence, emotional abuse leaves no visible scars but causes significant psychological trauma, leading to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors. Victims often struggle to recognize emotional abuse, as it is subtle and insidious, making it crucial for support networks and service providers to be aware of these behaviors and offer appropriate assistance to survivors. Conclusion In summary, the research demonstrates that four major areas of domestic violence, such as physical, verbal, sexual, and emotional abuse, exhibit similarities across many countries. However, it should be noted that slight variations in interpretation may arise in the United States due to diverse state statutes and city laws. Despite these distinctions, acknowledging these common issues remains pivotal. By recognizing the shared challenges and accounting for local legal differences, societies can collaborate effectively to combat domestic violence globally.

References Aboagye, R. G., Seidu, A.-A., Cadri, A., Salihu, T., Arthur-Holmes, F., Sam, S. T., & Ahinkorah, B. O. (2023). Ending violence against women: Help-seeking behavior of women exposed to intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE , 18 (10), 1–19. https://doi-org.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.1371/journal.pone.0291913 (Africa DV reference) This is a credible reference because it came from a peer-reviewed academic journal. Han, Y.-R., & Choi, H. Y. (2021). Risk factors affecting intimate partner violence occurrence in South Korea: Findings from the 2016 Domestic Violence Survey. PLoS ONE , 16 (3), 1– 16. https://doi-org.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.1371/journal.pone.0247916 This is a credible reference because it came from a peer-reviewed academic journal. Leigh, J. K., Peña, L. D., Anurudran, A., & Pai, A. (2023). “Are you safe to talk?”: Perspectives of Service Providers on Experiences of Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family Violence , 38 (2), 215–225. https://doi- org.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.1007/s10896-022-00359-9 (US DV reference) This is a credible reference because it came from a peer-reviewed academic journal. Pfitzner, N., Fitz, G. K., & Meyer, S. (2022). Responding to women experiencing domestic and family violence during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Exploring experiences and impacts of remote service delivery in Australia. Child & Family Social Work, 27 (1), 30–40. https://doi-org.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.1111/cfs.12870 This is a credible reference because it came from a peer-reviewed academic journal. -------------

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Kadiani, A., Chaudhury, S., Saldanha, D., Pande, N., & Menon, P. (2020). Psychosocial profile of male perpetrators of domestic violence: A population-based study. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 29(1), 134–148. https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_78_18 Cañete-Lairla, M., & Gil-Lacruz, M. (2018). Psychosocial Variables Associated With Verbal Abuse as a Form of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in a Spanish Sample. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 27(3), 237–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1320343

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