CJ490_RamosSidVanneR Unit 3 Assignment

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CJ490: Research Methods in Criminal Justice Unit 3 Worksheet Student Name: ___ Sid Vanne R. Ramos ____________________________________ Read the following research experiment conducted by the Police Foundation in 1974: Kelling, G. L., Pate, T., Dieckman, D., & Brown, C. E. (1974). T he Kansas City preventive patrol experiment: A summary report . Police Foundation. https://www.policefoundation.org/publication/the-kansas-city-preventive-patrol- experiment/ The experiment focused on the following research questions: ● Would citizens notice changes in the level of police patrol? ● Would different levels of visible police patrol affect reported crime? ● Would different levels of visible police patrol affect the outcome of victim surveys? ● Would citizen fear of crime change as a result of differing patrol levels? ● Would citizen behavior change as a result of differing patrol levels? Answer the following questions in short, clear, and concise sentences. The findings of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment, as outlined in the article, suggest that changes in the level of police patrol did not have a noticeable effect on factors such as citizen fear of crime or community attitudes toward the police. Therefore, it could be inferred that citizens might not notice changes in the level of police patrol (Kelling et al., 1974). Pick one of the research questions above and complete the following five exercises. 1. Identify one independent variable (IV) from the selected research question. In one sentence, indicate the IV. The IV is _____________. The IV is the level of police patrol. 2. Indicate how the independent variable identified in #1 could be measured. (In other words, conceptualize and operationalize the variable and describe the level of measurement that could be used for this variable.) The independent variable identified, which is the level of police patrol, could be measured in different ways:

CJ490: Research Methods in Criminal Justice Unit 3 Worksheet  Conceptualization: Conceptualizing the level of police patrol means understanding how often, how long, and how strongly police officers are present in a specific area.  Operationalization: This variable can be measured by tallying the patrol cars in a specific area during a set timeframe, calculating the hours officers spend on patrol, or determining the area covered by patrol activities.  Level of Measurement: This variable can be classified as either interval or ratio measurement. For example, the count of patrol cars falls under the ratio level (since you can't have a negative or zero count of patrol cars, establishing a true zero point). The hours spent on patrol could be considered an interval measurement, assuming equal intervals between measurements but lacking a true zero point (as negative time isn't possible). 3. Identify one dependent variable (DV) from the selected research question. In one sentence, indicate the DV. The DV is _____________. The DV is citizens' notice of changes. 4. Indicate how the dependent variable identified in #3 could be measured. (In other words, conceptualize and operationalize the variable and describe the level of measurement that could be used for this variable.) The dependent variable here, which is the citizens' notice of changes, can be measured as follows:  Conceptualization: We conceptualize this as citizens' awareness or perception of changes in police patrol levels in their area.

CJ490: Research Methods in Criminal Justice Unit 3 Worksheet  Operationalization: This variable could be measured through surveys or interviews asking citizens about their perceptions of police presence in their area. Questions could include asking if they've noticed an increase or decrease in the frequency of police patrol in their neighborhoods.  Level of Measurement: This variable is likely ordinal in its measurement level. Survey responses could be categorized as "noticed a lot of increase," "noticed some increase," "noticed no change," "noticed some decrease," and "noticed a lot of decrease." These categories establish an order or ranking in responses but do not assume equal intervals between ranks or a true 'zero' point. 5. Express the research question in a measurable hypothesis statement. (Ensure that the hypothesis statement includes the independent variable and the dependent variable you identified in items 1 and 2 above.) Use the following structure to help formulate your answer: ____ with ____ are more/less likely to ____ than ___ without ______. (Subjects) with (independent variable) are more/less likely to (dependent variable) than (subjects) without (independent variable) . Using the above example, fill in the five blanks with your subjects and variables, and also pick a relationship by using either “more likely to” or “less likely to.” Citizens (S) in areas with increased police patrol levels (IV) are more likely to notice changes (DV) than citizens in areas without increased police patrol levels (IV).

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CJ490: Research Methods in Criminal Justice Unit 3 Worksheet Reference Kelling, G. L., Pate, T., Dieckman, D., & Brown, C. E. (1974). T he Kansas City preventive patrol experiment: A summary report. Police Foundation. https://www.policefoundation.org/publication/the-kansas-city-preventive-patrol- experiment/ Maxfield, M. G. (2015). Basics of Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology (4th ed.). Cengage Learning US. https://purdueuniversityglobal.vitalsource.com/books/9781305465473

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