Final Project

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Washington State University *

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Sociology

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Jan 9, 2024

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7-1 Final Project Introduction Sexual assault has been an ongoing problem since the dawn of civilization; however, we are just barely beginning to scratch the surface of the inequity’s survivors have to face when they speak out for themselves. For college campuses it has become quite more of a prolific issue than it appears. A recent survey done in 2019 by Association of American Universities done with 182,000 students, 25.9% of female undergraduates reported they were sexually assaulted, another 22.8% of nonbinary, transgender or homosexual students also reported they were sexually assaulted (Huff, 2022). Sexual assault can mean a variety of things, and is all inclusive to anyone at any age. Many adults have suffered from sexual assault as children and can inadvertently become victims again in their later life due to not being validated or believed when they were children. My social advocacy group would be called Student Advocates Against Sexual Assault or SAASA. This group would be able to include all types of sexual assaults, even if they were affected as children by sexual assault. We would have victim advocates that could assist in resources for trauma focused therapy, education seminars regarding how often sexual assaults happen on campus, the buddy system and awareness. We would encourage bravery and ability to tell their story in a safe space, along with education regarding how the criminal justice system works. We would also want to address the shame and guilt victims often carry when they are victims of sexual assault. One of the many questions that need to be addressed is why is it so hard to believe? Why does victim- shaming occur, why is there not more organizations on educating men on keeping their hands to

7-1 Final Project themselves and what causes contribute to them precipitating violence and sexual assault? The first step to addressing these issues is by empowering your voice and embracing the fear to help end the assaults. Analysis Campus rape and assault is all inclusive and affects everyone. It does not discriminate between male, female, non-binary or transgender. If we allow our voices to be heard, we can be empowered by the strength of many to end these violent assaults. 1 in 5 women and 1 in 16 men are sexually assaulted while in college. More than 90% of SA victims do not report what happened due to not being believed or guilt and shame associated with it (Civic Nation). Some of the stereotypes for college students is that it is the drunk college girl who has been taken advantage of, or that “is it really rape” and not consensual since everyone is of the age of consent. Men are always the perpetrators. Stereotypes can also include: -Women ask for it with their clothing -Women ask for it by being intoxicated -Men are sexual beings and can’t help themselves -Men have aggressive tendencies Forbes published an article in April 2021 on How Students are Making Change with Campus Sexual Assault Laws. In this article the main points focus on student-written laws that all students should have access to:

7-1 Final Project 1. Free medical and legal support services 2. Amnesty policies that prevent survivors and bystanders from being punished for breaking school codes of conduct at the time of the incident (e.g. alcohol or drug use) 3. Confidential advising services for survivors 4. Public data through campus climate surveys on sexual violence 5. Annual prevention and response training for all students and employees (Nguyen, 2021) One of the more prominent cases of campus sexual assault in history is that of Brock Turner. Turner was a student at Stanford University who sexually assaulted a young woman after a frat party in 2015 (Neary, 2019). Turner found her behind a dumpster, unconscious from drinking, and raped her. She became known in the headlines as “unconscious intoxicated woman” (Neary, 2019). Turner would face up to 14 years in federal prison after being convicted of three counts of sexual assault. Sadly, he would only get sentenced to 6 months in prison. The judge made it clear that it would be unfair to Turner to give him a harsher sentence due to his promising status as a student and prominent athlete and that he did not appear to be a danger to others (Neary, 2019), Current modern interpretations are that assaults are actually more prevalent off campus than ON meaning at frat parties, or off campus apartments. Alcohol plays a very large part in the assault for both the victim and perpetrator. Freshman women are most vulnerable as they are likely to be more insecure or naïve about sexual approaches. We are also still very much in the

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7-1 Final Project infant stages of sexual assault prevention; it has mostly been focused on discipline rather than prevention (Grigoriadis, 2017). It’s clear that society is still at odds when it comes to sexual assaults and how to handle them. Although sexual assault is considered deviant, the lack of effort put forth by campus personnel as well as outside law enforcement appear to invalidate the actual experiences victims are having. While there are many grassroot efforts among campuses to bring awareness to sexual assault and its prevalence among college campuses, when it comes to the prosecution of these offenders, justice falls short when it comes to the victims. Victims are continually forced to face victim blaming regarding their social activities, the way they dress, the fact they were alone in a dark location and a variety of other excuses, making it extremely difficult to keep momentum going of encouraging them to speak their truth. The justice system fails many sexual assault survivors continually and proves the justice system is built for offenders and not for victims. The real question is why would any person subject themselves to such scrutiny and shame that comes with speaking out against sexual assault if it wasn’t true? Conclusion Ethical challenges can arise from these sexual assaults on campus. Some of those can include victim blaming, lack of respect for the victim, confidentiality of victims and lack of training and education for those who enforce policing on campus. Some of the key personnel needed to combat some of these challenges are medical professionals who can perform S.A.F.E (sexual assault forensic exam) exams as well as special victims unit law enforcement officers who specialize in violent assaults and advocacy groups to provide resources and healing-focused material while working with the victims every step of the way.

7-1 Final Project Key points to take away is that even though there appears to be a severe void in the investigations of campus sexual assault, it is still important to remember that sexual assault has been an ongoing problem since the dawn of civilization. Again, based on the recent survey done in 2019 by Association of American Universities done with 182,000 students, 25.9% of female undergraduates reported they were sexually assaulted, another 22.8% of nonbinary, transgender or homosexual students also reported they were sexually assaulted (Huff, 2022). Some possible solutions might include having the state and federal government advocate for consistent standards to include all types of sexual assault victims. This would mean having perpetrators held to all the same standards as those who are accused of rape outside of the college setting. There should be no difference, rape is rape. Location, time of life, surrounding environment and other mitigating factors such as drugs or alcohol should never be acceptable excuses for a rape to happen no matter what. Making sure that all college campuses are equipped with emergency alert call buttons every 25 feet inside campus and within a 5-mile radius around the campus. Truthfully, those emergency call buttons should be standard within all city/county limits across the country. In closing, Student Advocates Against Sexual Assault or SAASA is an all-inclusive advocacy group. All inclusive meaning that anyone who has suffered from a sexual assault, whether it be on campus, as a child, or out in society can come and get healing resources, access to a myriad of providers, legal counsel and law enforcement. SAASA would also ensure that it provides education seminars that occur on a consistent basis and keep the focus on prevention efforts. SAASA would also continue to advocate for all victims at the federal and state government level for consistency with sentencing and statute of limitations.

7-1 Final Project References: Civic Nation. (n.d.). End Rape on Campus . civicnation.org. https://civicnation.org/our- initiatives/end-rape-on-campus/ Grigoriadis, V. (2017). Why Is Campus Rap Still So Prevalent? Glamour.com Retrieved from https://www.glamour.com/story/why-is-campus-rape-still-so-prevalent Huff, C. (2022) A Crisis of Campus Sexual Assault. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/04/news-campus-sexual-assault Office of Women's Health, (2021). Sexual Assault on College Campuses . www.womenshealth.gov. https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/sexual- assault-and-rape/college-sexual-assault Neary, L. (2019). Victim of Brock Turner Sexual Assault Reveals Her Identity . NPR https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757626939/victim-of-brock-turner-sexual-assault-reveals- her-identity Nguyen, A. (2021). How Students Are Making Change with Campus Sexual Assault Laws . Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/amandanguyen/2021/04/13/how-students- are-making-change-with-campus-sexual-assault-laws/?sh=404b926d30af

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