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1 To Self-Disclose or Not to Self-Disclose Kole Kaye Glass Master of Social Work SOCW 6111: Advanced Social Work Practice Dr. Matthew Attwood March 10, 2024

2 Self-Disclosure According to Gilbert (2023), many treatment or therapeutic approaches in community work, including rehabilitation, addiction, and mental health practice, are founded on self- disclosure and peer support. This emphasizes the importance of creating space within the therapeutic relationship for the client and the social worker to share their experiences and beliefs regarding pathology issues openly. By fostering an environment of mutual sharing, the rapport between the client and the social worker is strengthened, facilitating recovery promotion and instilling hope in the client. Self-disclosure for a social worker involves intentionally sharing personal information with a client. While self-disclosure can offer benefits, it can also present challenges, as disclosing too much may jeopardize the therapeutic alliance. One potential issue is that the care focus may shift from the client to the social worker. This could lead the client to feel responsible for the professional's well-being. In my personal experience, employing self-disclosure while working with a female client in the prison system proved pivotal in building credibility and fostering a trusting rapport. The decision to share my own lived experience was particularly significant because it paralleled the client's current struggle with childhood abuse. By opening up about my own past experiences with childhood abuse, I was able to establish a deeper level of empathy and understanding with the client. This shared connection created a safe space for her to express her emotions and experiences without fear of judgment or misunderstanding. It also conveyed to the client that she was not alone in her journey and that I could genuinely relate to her pain and struggles. Moreover, my self-disclosure demonstrated vulnerability and authenticity, which are essential in building trust within the therapeutic

3 relationship. It conveyed to the client that I was willing to be transparent and genuine in our interactions, which further reinforced the sense of trust and safety she felt in our sessions. Ultimately, self-disclosure was crucial in facilitating a deeper connection and empowering the client to embark on her recovery journey. Research suggests that careful self-disclosure generally has favorable outcomes for clients (2021). This encompasses strengthening the therapeutic relationship, promoting comfort in therapy sessions, nurturing a sense of being understood, and encouraging clients to share more information with their therapist. These benefits contribute to the overall effectiveness of therapy and client satisfaction. Cultural Competence According to Whitley’s research article (Whitley, 2012), definitions of cultural competence often refer to the need to be aware and attentive to the religious and spiritual needs and orientations of patients. In my professional experience, I had the opportunity to work with a woman who held different religious views that differed from my own. Cultural competence was crucial in our interactions, particularly concerning her religious beliefs and practices. Understanding and respecting her religious beliefs were essential for building trust and rapport and ensuring our interventions were culturally appropriate. My competence was shown through actions such as actively listening to and valuing diverse perspectives, adapting communication styles to meet the needs of different cultural groups, seeking to learn about and understand cultural practices, and consistently challenging personal biases and assumptions. I educated myself and asked the clients open-ended questions to ensure I did have a good understanding of the client's beliefs and values. According to a research article (Puchalski & Romer, 2000), Dr. Puchalski saw the need to create a spiritual assessment to

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4 understand how clients cope with and understand suffering through the spiritual dimension in life. So, she did the title Faith, Importance, Community and Address Assessment (FICA). The FICA assessment may help bring the compassion aspect back into social work practice, which will play a detrimental role in a holistic healing dynamic. Cultural competence is not always easy, but we as social workers must address any biases or misconceptions that the difference in religious beliefs and values could impact our interactions and harm the therapeutic healing process the client seeks. We must actively challenge stereotypes and promote cultural humility among team members to ensure our interventions are respectful and non-judgmental.

5 Reference Farrah, J. L. (2013). Practice Matters . https://nlcsw.ca/sites/default/files/inline-files/Practice_Matters_Self_Disclosure.pdf Miller nee Johnston, E., & McNaught, A. (2016). Exploring Decision Making Around Therapist Self-Disclosure in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Australian Psychologist , 53 (1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12260 Moody, K. J., Pomerantz, A. M., Ro, E., & Segrist, D. J. (2021). “Me too, a long time ago”: Therapist self-disclosure of past or present psychological problems similar to those of the client.. Practice Innovations , 6 (3). https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000151 National Association of Social Workers. (2021). Code of Ethics . National Association of Social Workers. https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics- English Puchalski, C., & Romer, A. L. (2000). Taking a spiritual history allows clinicians to understand patients more fully. Journal of palliative medicine, 3(1), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2000.3.129 Whitley, R. (2012). Religious competence as cultural competence. Transcultural Psychiatry , 49 (2), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461512439088

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