Reflection #3

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Apr 3, 2024

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Reflection #3 Reflection #3 Video: How Childhood Trauma Affects Health Across a Lifetime by Nadine Burke Harris Vanshika Singh Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia FMST 312: Parent-Child Relationships Dr. Rafael Wainer August 10, 2023 1 Word Count: 404

Reflection #3 The acronym "ACEs" stands for "Adverse Childhood Experiences." These experiences can include physical, sexual and emotional abuse, neglect, growing up with a parent who struggles with mental illness, substance dependence, incarceration, parental separation/divorce, and domestic violence (Harvard University, 2020). The more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) a child endures, the more likely he or she is to develop physiological diseases like heart disease, lung cancer, diabetes, and substance addiction later in life (TED, 2015). In her TED Talk (2020), Harris goes on to talk about how CDC and Kaiser Permanente discovered that adverse childhood experiences cause 7 out of 10 deaths in the USA - in high doses, these experiences can have a harmful impact on brain development, immune system, hormonal system, and even cause structural changes in a child’s DNA. It is very well known how these traumas can impact a child’s mental well-being as a child or later in adulthood. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the impact of these experiences on a child’s physiological health, especially about the long term effects that can show up only in adulthood. As per Harvard University (2020), these traumas or adverse experiences can “get under one’s skin” and affect the biological system. The nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (brain and body's stress response system) are all affected by adverse childhood experiences (TED, 2015). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, or the HPA system, plays an important role in the body’s response to stress by producing cortisol, the stress hormone in the body (Evans, 2023). The repeated activation of the HPA system transforms it from being something that is adaptive/life-saving to something that soon becomes maladaptive/health-damaging. These adverse childhood experiences can also cause depression, substance abuse issues, poor academic performance, anxiety, PTSD and personality disorders (TED, 2020). Early experiences such as family dysfunction, neglect, abuse, violence, resource deficiency, access to care, etc. establish a 2 Word Count: 404

Reflection #3 pattern of disadvantage or advantage over time, which impacts the behaviours adopted by the children in these families (DeJong, 2022). Children who grow up in households with parental addiction are frequently at a greater risk of encountering more negative events (DeJong, 2022). The ACE study reveals that children whose parents abuse or are addicted to alcohol are at a greater risk of experiencing other types of ACEs. This increased risk of exposure to additional trauma is exacerbated by the inability of the parents to meet their child's requirements due to substance abuse. 3 Word Count: 404

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Reflection #3 REFERENCES DeJong, C. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences and addiction. Anxiety, Trauma, and Addiction Therapy in British Columbia | Carrie DeJong & Associates . https://www.carriedejong.com/blog/adverse-childhood-experiences Evans, O. G. (2023). Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis & the Stress Response. Simply Psychology . https://www.simplypsychology.org/hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis.html Harvard University. (2020, October 30). What are ACEs? and how do they relate to toxic stress? Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/aces-and-toxic-stress-frequently-a sked-questions/ TED. (2015, February 17). How childhood trauma affects health across a lifetime | Nadine Burke Harris [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95ovIJ3dsNk 4 Word Count: 404

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