Week Two Case Study

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Diane Albert CCJ4054 Professor Connolly Sunday, January 21 st , 2024 Week Two Case Study Based on the text, there are three different individual influences that can be used to explain behavior, which include the specific theory, which looks into the biological factors that influence behavior, the learning theory, that looks at the influences that an individual has learned from, and the moral development theory, which “identify and chart individuals’ normal growth phases in areas such as morality and emotional maturity” (Pollock, 2019). Under the analysis of the biological factors that can influence behavior, it can be noted that there are several aspects of the brain that can have an impact on the way an individual thinks, where the chemistry of the brain can be related to behavior. As stated in the text, “one brain chemical that may be relevant to moral decision making is oxytocin, which at least one researcher has called ‘the moral molecule’” (Pollock, 2019). Based on this information, it can be seen that this is a hormone that can be associated with “human bonding and trust”, where studies have found that the brain releases the oxytocin in the brain when there is a sense in feelings of trust and safety within an individual (Pollock, 2019). Another aspect of the brain that has been studied to determine a relation between the brain and behavior, is the fact that, when shown moral dilemmas, researchers found that “two areas of the subjects’ brains light up in MRIs-the inferior parietal lobe, which is related to rational but impersonal thinking, and the amygdala, the part of the brain connected with emotion” (Pollock, 2019). Based on this information, it could have been noted that the process of moral decision making is a process that involves rational and emotional thinking (Pollock, 2019).

Diane Albert CCJ4054 Professor Connolly Sunday, January 21 st , 2024 Under the learning theory, it has been believed that individual’s act based on what they have learned. For instance, children act based on the things that they have learned, either based on what they have seen or experienced, or based on what another individual has sat down and taught them. As stated in the text, with the use of the learning theory “our beliefs about right or wrong and behavior are shaped by rewards and punishments, especially during our childhood” (Pollock, 2019). There are several methods that can be used to promote learning theory, where modeling may be used to demonstrate values and moral belief “from those whom one admires and aspires to identify with” (Pollock, 2019). Under this means of learning, one can find someone who they look up to, such as an idol, and use their actions and behaviors to learn from them, mirroring their actions and behaviors, adopting them as their own. Another way that an individual may use the learning theory, is through reinforcement, where “behaviors and beliefs that are reinforced (either through material rewards or subjective rewards such as praise) are repeated and eventually become permanent” (Pollock, 2019). Lastly, under the last theory, which involves the developmental theory, it is used to “propose that individual mature physically, cognitively, and emotionally” (Pollock, 2019). Based on this theory, it can be noted that research that has been conducted using this theory demonstrates an individual’s ties between morality and intellectual development (Pollock, 2019). According to the text, when looking at Kohlberg’s moral stages, this is a means that would demonstrate how a person may grow intellectually, from an egocentric child to a cooperative adult, following several stages that “involves qualitative differences in the way that the individual sees the world” (Pollock, 2019).

Diane Albert CCJ4054 Professor Connolly Sunday, January 21 st , 2024 Based on this information, it can be noted that Bob’s behavior may reflect that of Specific theory, which looks at his biological factors to explain his behavior. As stated in the scenario, Bob has grown desperate in making a case against the local neighborhood drug dealer, arresting one of the local juveniles on bogus charges just to convince him to become an informant. Based on this behavior, it can be noted that Bob acted on stressful impulses, where the text states that, these actions can be found “when workers are busy and stressed, they are more likely to make unethical choices because, possibly, the brain processes responsible for rationally deciding the correct action are already overloaded with other demands” (Pollock, 2019). Despite this, if there had been more background information provided in this scenario, there may have been other ways to implement each of the individual influences that could explain behavior, where information about the organization may be useful in determining if the actions that Bob took were learned from a colleague or elsewhere and if his moral development may have changed compared to how Bob would have acted if he had just arrived at the organization rather than being a staff member for a long period of time. With the actions that were taken in this scenario, it can be taking into account that Bob’s Supervisor would have to get involved. In this case, it would seem that Bob, being under the stressful position of trying to make a case, would need to be replaced by another investigator. This way, it would allow Bob to get a break from this case, taking the burden of the drug dealer not being caught to slowly slip from Bob’s mind, thus easing up the tension from this case. The supervisor would also have to speak with Bob, explaining the ethical and moral issues that may arise from arresting the juvenile on bogus charges, just to convince him to become an informant,

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Diane Albert CCJ4054 Professor Connolly Sunday, January 21 st , 2024 which, if bad turns to worse, may cause the whole case to collapse. Therefore, given the superiority of the supervisor, it would be beneficial to give Bob other ethical alternatives to action irrationally based on the personal feelings of the investigator, in this case, being Bob. References Pollock, J. M. (2019). Ethical dilemmas and decisions in criminal justice (11th ed.). Cengage.

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