JAN 23 & 25 FORMULATING RESEARCH QUESTION AND OPERATIONALIZING VARIABLES

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University of Guelph *

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3070

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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SOAN 3070 FORMULATING RESEARCH PROBLEM AND OPERATIONALIZING VARIABLES Note-taker spokesperson: Group Members: Fill out the table with the research topic and research problems for each member of your group (use one row per member). Group Topic Research Problem Possible parameters Research Question Operationalizing Variables Example Ex. Korean immigrant women, employment and well-being Korean immigrant women’s experiences with finding a job and their well being Participant’s age : Middle-aged Korean women Participants’ location: living in the City of Toronto How does the ability of middle-aged Korean immigrant women residing in the GTA to secure stable employment, affect their well- being? Middle-age=age 40- 60 Immigrant=having arrived in Canada at the age of 40 or over Employment=full- time permanent job Well-being=self- described state of satisfaction, happiness and positive interactions with others GROUP 1 Homeless population use of hostile architecture If it effects the homeless population in terms where they can sleep at night / Anyone considered homeless, (living in streets, not Has hostile architecture affected the homeless Age=any age Homeless = living

find shelter couch surfing) Downtown guelph Any age population in terms of shelter and sleeping arrangements? on streets (not couch surfing) - homeless for at least one year consistently Hostile architecture= any structure designed to prevent homeless persons to create shelter GROUP 2 Cultural perceptions of leadership may extend to attitudes about mental health treatment, where hierarchical structures or cultural values may impact willingness to seek help. Cultural background, organizational structure, perceptions of authority. How do cultural factors influence attitudes toward mental health treatment in a specific community? Attitudes toward leadership styles (authoritarian vs. participative), cultural values (collectivism vs. individualism), and perceived stigma associated with seeking mental health treatment. Working in retail, stress level Workers in retail stores, directly customer facing, Participants: uni student workers in How does working in a customer-facing -stress: incidence of breakdowns, self-

GROUP 3 stress levels customer facing retail outlets, working while full- time studying Location: southern Ontario retail job affect students’ overall stress? rated levels of stress- related thoughts and symptoms -retail job: customer facing position, making <$18 per hour, in a brick and mortar store selling products - worker: student (18- 24) working <25 hours/ week, while studying as a “full time” student GROUP 4 Nurse mental health How nurses mental health is affected by working conditions - GTA - Student nurses/grad nurses/younger nurses - Female How is nurses' mental health affected by mistreatment from patients? Student nurse/grad nurse = 19-30 years old GTA = Employed in hospitals in Toronto Scale of poor to well mental health Patients = anyone being treated by said nurse

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GROUP 5 First generation students, differing experiences from non- first generation students How do support systems, and integration into college life, differ between first generation students and non first generation students - Identify support systems and integration into society - University of Guelph How do the support systems, including peer networks, influence the integration into college culture, particularly through participation in extracurricular activities and clubs, for first generation students compared to non first generation students? GROUP 6 The relationship between Indigenous people in Canada who are pregnant and the healthcare system Histories of colonization, genocide and racism has created a great deal of distrust in public institutions, like the healthcare system, amongst Indigenous people and their communities. In addition, the distance between public healthcare services and Indigenous people living in northern, remote Canada Pregnant individuals What policies can be implemented to improve the quality of healthcare services provided to Indigenous individuals who are pregnant and living in remote, northern parts of Canada? Northern, remote Canada: Encompasses Indigenous people living in the 3 Canadian territories (Yukon, Northwest territories and Nunavut) and northern Quebec. Indigenous people: Includes those who identify as First Nations, Metis, and Inuk.

some Indigenous communities creates more healthcare barriers related to accessibility and isolation.This has impacted patient care and has had various negative health outcomes. Policies: At the municipal, provincial and federal level, governmental legislation that can be created. GROUP 7 Impact of social media use on adolescent mental health Mental health is declining because of the use of social media and technology Ages: Adolescents Location: the US How does the use of social media affect the mental health of adolescents in the US, especially in terms of anxiety and depression Ages: 10-18 Mental health: anxiety and depression GROUP 8 Education, Secondary School population, Post-secondary enrollment Do smaller highschools lead to higher or lower enrollment in post- secondary High School Grade Range: are grades high enough to apply to college or university participant location: attending school in rural How does secondary school size impact the decision to pursue post- secondary? youth/young adults= 17-18 location: rural or urban

areas versus urban post-secondary: college or university or other Doron Butcher Impact of parental involvement on academic achievement among High school students Participants grade level: 9th-12th grade location: urban and suburban areas in Ontario how does parental involvement influence the academic achievement of highschool students in urban and suburban areas of Ontario Parental involvement (measured by frequency of communication with teachers, attendance at school events), Academic achievement (measured by standardized test scores, GPA/average) Rithvick Rao The impact of parent’s socioeconomic status on their children’s higher education How the parent’s socioeconomic status affects their children’s performance in high school and their progress and choices after graduation families of diverse backgrounds with children aged 16-24 in Southern Ontario How are youth’s educational opportunities and achievements affected by the parent’s income, education and ethnic background Parents with children aged 16-24 Families of diverse backgrounds- Canadian and recent immigrants. (stratified random) High school performance and choice of whether to pursue further education

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Santiago Arango The negative impacts on Canadian university students due to the high cost of food and living How does the high cost of food and living in Canada negatively affect University students University students in Guelph Ontario How does the high cost of food and living in Guelph Ontario negatively affect university students either financially or mentally University students aged 19 - 35 of any background Canadian or immigrant. Located in Guelph Ontario mental health = Described feelings of wellbeing. Financial = Can they afford tuition, do they have any debts or loans Skyla Day Topic: Former Crown ward children, housing insecurity, and wellbeing Former crown ward adults’ experiences with transitioning to adulthood with the cost of living and creating a fulfilling life for themself Participants age: Young adults Location: Hamilton, Ontario How do young adults in the city of Hamilton secure stable housing and create a fulfilling life for themselves after “aging out” of Crown Wardship/long-term foster care? Young adult: 21-25 Stable housing: Access and ability to keep an affordable, safe, secure, and healthy home of their choosing. Fulfilling life: positive feelings about their life, who they have become, and the impact they have made Crownwardship: a foster child who has been made the legal responsibility of the

government . Annastazia Roshanian (was not able to attend class today) Topic : Social media influence, the self-esteem of college undergrads Social Media has a profound influence on undergraduate college students’ self-esteem. Participants Location : Toronto, Ontario Participants Occupation : College Undergraduate Students Participants Age : 18-24 In what way does social media impact the self- esteem of undergraduate college students, aged 18- 24, in Toronto, Ontario? Undergraduate College Students: individuals who attend college/ university and are between the ages of 18 and 24 Social Media Influence on Self-Esteem: experiencing low self-esteem and confidence due to constant scrolling on social media platforms (poor mental health = poor academic performance)

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