Deterrence

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Eastern Gateway Community College *

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Deterrence Corina Kaplan Eastern Gateway Community College COR203: Criminology Prof. Corrin January 21, 2024

2 Deterrence The criminal justice system handles punishment through two separate concepts, these are through retribution and incapacitation philosophies. Retribution is simply the idea that a criminal needs to payback the community for their crimes. The way the criminal is punished then is based on the severity of the crime they committed. Incapacitation is incarceration of an offender that’s purpose is to exile any opportunity for an offender to commit another crime. These philosophies are partial constructs of the criminal justice system, but the main purpose of the criminal justice system is arguably deterrence (Piquero, 2016). At the end of this writing the reader should be able to explain deterrence and what purpose it serves, as well as, what specific and general deterrence are. According to Salem Press Encyclopedia, the simple definition of deterrence is that deterrence is the notion that harsh punishments are able to deter offenders from involving themselves in future crimes (Wiggins, 2022). In even more simple terms, deterrence is the idea that placing a criminal in prison will deter them from committing another crime as the criminal justice system is trying to send out the message that prison is not where anyone wants to be, so don’t commit a crime. This is essentially a sort of threat or action that is trying to place fear into a criminal’s mind. There are two different kinds of deterrence according to Salem Press Encyclopedia, they are simple and general deterrence. These two sections clearly hold the same goal in mind, to deter individuals from committing crimes, but they differ in who they are targeting (Wiggins, 2022). Specific deterrence targets those who have already committed crimes by punishing them and hoping to instill fear to not offend again in the future. General deterrence targets individuals who may have not committed any crime yet but may be trying to or contemplating it, looking to prevent them from this thought of crime by instilling fear of potential punishment (Piquero, 2016).

3 In short deterrence is a way that the criminal justice system can practice crime prevention. The prevention comes in different forms, most popularly by incapacitation, but can be seen in other ways such as retributive actions. Deterrence has its own sub sections as not all groups of “criminals” are the same. Specific deterrence targets criminals and general deterrence targets soon to be criminals.

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4 References Piquero, A. R. (2016). The handbook of criminological theory . Wiley Blackwell. Wiggins, R. R. (2022). Deterrence. Salem Press Encyclopedia.

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