Identity Issues Among Multiracial Students

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Identity Issues Among Multiracial Kayla Thomas SOC 133-04 Professor Diane Nititham-Tunney May 9, 2023

2 Identity Issues Among Multiracial Students Introduction The percentage of Americans who identify as multiracial is growing. This opens up conversation about the social issue of identity. Children who are multiracial may find it difficult to comprehend who they are in the context of their mixed racial culture and heritage. How they view themselves is influenced by the micro level background from their homes and schools. This reverts to cultural socialization. The students not only experience (1) discrimination resulting in low self-esteem, (2) bullying brought on by stereotyping, and (3) a lack of social belonging at home, school, and society. The review will end as we discuss the solutions to these identity issues of concern. Keywords: identity, discrimination, micro-level context, race, culture, society, class Discrimination is proven to have a significant impact on racial groupings, particularly multiracial people. It has been discovered that persistent racial discrimination affects a person's mental health as well as their psychological well-being. “Identity-based challenges and racial/ethnic discrimination can be both considered racialized stressors that impact mental health, yet there are important conceptual distinctions that are important to acknowledge (Atkins; Chan; Christophe; and Stein 2022).” Discrimination and identity difficulties often coexist. Because it involves treating members of another racial group poorly because of their race, discrimination is thought of as an external concept. This results in internal harm that compromises one's identity and lowers one's value and self-esteem. People from different racial backgrounds have been subjected to pressure in addition to bullying because of stereotypes. Students' racial stereotypes force them to choose between being this race or that, with being both seeming impossible. Due to this, multiracial students are under pressure

3 Identity Issues Among Multiracial Students to define their identity in terms of one of their racial backgrounds. Given that they did not deviate from the stereotype associated with that racial origin, this enables one to reflect on their identity and contemplate if they made the proper choice. On the other hand, if a person chooses to identify with a "minority" heritage, black and Latino, they are perceived as inferior to others who have more "superior" backgrounds, such as Asian or White. Moreover, another study suggested that for biracial Black/White individuals, being asked to focus on their White identity led to improved testing performance (i.e., positive stereotype lift effect), whereas being asked to focus on their Black identity led to underperformance (i.e., typical stereotype threat effect). Biracial Black/White participants not reminded of either racial identity, performed just as poorly as those in the Black identity focus condition, which suggests that the academically threatening testing context made one’s Black identity more salient naturally (Rozek and Gaithers). This suggests that when choosing ethnic backgrounds, those backgrounds would be classed according to the preconceptions made for that race. Due to what has been suggested in theory, the individual may feel more tempted to conform to the stereotype. Resulting in the sense of failure to fit in a racial background and feel some type of social belonging, not only at school and society, but at home as well. These environments can also be a mold for forming one's identity. The micro-context of the home and family setting has a significant impact on how young people view themselves and can carry or obstruct messages about race from the larger society. Research on the influence parents have on the development of

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4 Identity Issues Among Multiracial Students racial identity is frequently viewed through the lens of racial socialization, in which parents teach their children about race (Jones and Roberts 2023). This creates a conflict with addressing one racial culture and heritage and not the other, making the individuals identity for them. That can result in major issues for the future. The literature on parental racial socialization has identified several broad categories: cultural socialization, which involves parents encouraging cultural traditions and fostering racial and cultural pride; preparation for bias, which involves parents instilling an awareness of racism and preparing their children to deal with racism in daily life; and promotion of mistrust, which involves parents emphasizing the need for caution in interpersonal interactions. and racial quiet, which is characterized by refraining from racial messaging or conversation (Jones and Roberts 2023). I agree with these journals because they show how a multiracial person's actions interact with the social dynamics in their environment. It can be difficult for someone with a diverse ancestry to comprehend, let alone learn to recognize, the traits of each racial group they are descended from. This leads to a limited view of society and makes it difficult to have a fulfilling private and public life. Considering that these problems can have a lasting impact on a person's mental health and wellbeing, I believe it is critical to address them. People who collectively don't understand the challenges of being a multiracial person should be helped to educate themselves and others about the damaging effects of prejudice and stereotyping with a focus on building a more accepting society that accepts people from all backgrounds, not just one individual.

5 Identity Issues Among Multiracial Students Reference List Christophe, Atkin, A. L., Stein, G. L., & Chan, M. (2022). Examining Multiracial Pride, Identity- Based Challenges, and Discrimination: An Exploratory Investigation Among Biracial Emerging Adults. Race and Social Problems, 14(1), 22–38. Jones, C.M., Rogers, L.O. Family Racial/Ethnic Socialization Through the Lens of Multiracial Black Identity: A M(ai)cro Analysis of Meaning-Making. Race Soc Probl 15 , 59–78 (2023). Rozek, & Gaither, S. E. (2021). Not Quite White or Black: Biracial Students’ Perceptions of Threat and Belonging Across School Contexts. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 41(9), 1308– 1337.

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