Systems Theory and Attachment Theory

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1 A Comparative Analysis of Systems Theory and Attachment Theory in Understanding Human Behavior: Implications for Social Work Practice Name School of Social Work, SCWK320: Human Behavior and the Social Environment Professor Date

2 A Comparative Analysis of Systems Theory and Attachment Theory in Understanding Human Behavior: Implications for Social Work Practice The essence of social work practice is to comprehensively interpret and deal with human behavior. Two prominent theoretical frameworks Systems Theory and Attachment Theory shed light on the complex relationship between people and their social environment, helping to explain why human beings behave in specific ways in certain enviroment. Psychological theories such as systems theory and attachment theory can be used to explain human behaviour. Attachment theory revolves around an individual’s emotional bonds with other people, including a parent and child and romantic couples. Systems theory takes an emotional approach towards the family and explains that any attempt by individuals to operate away from their family system is very difficult (Hooper, 2017). The objective of this analysis is to examine the fundamental ideas behind Systems Theory and Attachment Theory and highlight the distinct ways in which each theory advances our understanding of human behavior. Systems Theory Consistency with Social Work Values Social work values are supported by system theories which highlight the connection of people with their surrounding environments and how the multiple systems can influence behaviors. The theory creates a holistic approach to social works by considering the different social aspects that affect a victim’s personal lives such as family, friends, school, employment, religion, economic status, education level, and background (Baylor University, 2022). This is in line with the idea that social workers’ view of a person is a product of the environment they live in and that such environments determine the well-being of an individual. Perspectives on Health and Mental Illness Individuals are conditioned by systems such as the individual, micro, meso, exo, and macro system which form their environment according to systems theory. The approach focuses on how the system of ecological processes affects individual functionalities and mental health. This point of view concurs with the biopsychosocial assessment and intervention strategies in social work that involves the consideration of the person and their environment. Strengths and Weaknesses The strengths of systems theory lie in interdependence, adaptability, and the exchange of energy and resources between systems. It encompasses people in their environment and gives a clear picture of researchers’ and workers’ works in various fields, for example, social work (Davies, 2022). However, one of the pitfalls of systems theory is that it assumes that control over any aspect of a system influences the whole system (Baylor University, 2022). Furthermore, certain models of systems theory like function-alism theories when dealing with problems such as

3 racism, LGBTQ concerns, and poverty, can also be challenging since the changes that stabilize the society may seem to overlook important social changes. Attachment Theory Attachment theory, a psychological theory, posits that there exists a psychological bond between individuals that impacts upon their relationships and how people generally interact towards each other. Consistency with Social Work Values Attachment theory is congruous with social work values because of its focus on the significance of early relationships in an individual’s socioemotional development. In this sense, the article illustrates the impact of secure attachments established during infancy on positive outcomes in adulthood (Cherry, 2019). Attachment theory helps social workers in understanding the behavior of people in relationships as well as explaining the influence of the society on people’s welfare. Perception of Health and Mental Disorders Attachment insecurity is the view that it is a general vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, with symptoms being genetically, developmentally, and environmentally determined. Mikulincer & Shaver (2021) note that attachment insecurities can lead to mild negative affectivity as well as severe, disorganizing, and paralyzing disorders. It is worth noting that there is overlap between attachment theory and the social work principle of prevention in that both consider early intervention as a tool for preventing difficulties in relationships and attachment security. Strengths and Weaknesses Attachment theory’s strengths include explaining the importance of early relationships, developing a framework for understanding human behavior, and influencing therapeutic approaches, such as Attachment-based Therapy and Parent-Child Interaction therapy (Jerrom, 2020). But attachment theory exaggerates the importance placed on early experiences. This may overlook the significance of later relationships, and events, on attachment patterns. However, it might not be complete in its acknowledgment of the capacity for change and development in attachment styles over periods of time. Attachment theory is also limited because it focuses on culture, oversimplifies attachment styles, and ignores class, culture, personalities, gender. Comparative Analysis Consistency with Social Work Values Service to others

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4 Helping others is a critical element in both systems theory and attachment theory. Systems’ theory points out the interrelatedness of the people in society and the need to overcome social predicaments on many fronts. Empathy and compassion as integral parts of building healthy relationships and promoting well-being are accentuated in attachment theory. Social justice This matches with the social worker’s mission for social justice since the system theory seeks to understand the underlying causes of social problems. Attachment theory helps in understanding the social origins of inequality. Dignity human being. The inherent dignity and worth of every person is respected by systems theory and attachment theory respectively. Interventions promoted by systems theory empower individuals and their communities. Attachment theory highlights the need for healthy bonding, which fosters emotional fortitude and a high sense of self-esteem. Importance of human relationships According to systems theory, an individual is seen as being part of a system of social networks whose relationships help influence the conduct of humans. Attachment theory is concerned with the impact of early attachment relationships on emotional well being through out life time. Confidentiality Systems theory and attachment theory support the need for confidentiality in social work practices. The systems theory is also concerned with safeguarding privacy of individuals and their families. Attachment theory emphasizes the critical role of trust and respect in fostering therapeutic relationships. Competence Therefore, social workers should be equipped with the right knowledge, skills, and attitudes to make intervention in complex social problems. Attachment theory provides a conceptual guide into human development and emotional regulation, whereas system theory gives insights into the dynamics of social systems. Integrity Social workers have to display high levels of ethics and honesty in every professional setting. Interventions that are ethical and respect human life of all those included are advocated by the system theory.. Attachment theory highlights the value of developing trust and rapport with customers; truthfulness and honesty.

5 Self-determination Social Work practice ought to facilitate choice making and the pursuit of individual goals. It is based on systems theory that explains how individual choices are determined. Attachment theory focuses on the building of self-esteem and promoting resilience. Empathy That is why social workers ought to have in-depth understanding of how others feel and the power to empathize with them. According to systems theory, the social worker should view the issue from all possible angles of the people affected. Attachment theory makes it possible to explain where emotional distress comes from, and to understand the significance of empathy development in creating therapeutic environment. Respect for diversity It is important to note that social work practice needs to be culturally sensitive and respectful of the varying experiences and viewpoints within a pluralistic society. The systems theory and attachment theory also focus on the idea of appreciating human experience and embracing diversity. Systems theory and attachment theory contribute towards understanding human behavior and social wellness. These are great tools for social workers seeking to help, advocate for social justice and acknowledge the personhood of all humans. Social Work Value Systems Theory Consistency Attachment Theory Consistency Service to others Consistent Consistent Social justice Consistent Consistent Dignity and worth of the person Consistent Consistent Importance of human relationships Consistent Consistent Confidentiality Consistent Consistent Competence Consistent Consistent Integrity Consistent Consistent Self-determination Consistent Consistent Empathy Consistent Consistent

6 Respect for diversity Consistent Consistent View of Health and Mental Illness Mental health and mental illness are also important when using the systems theory and attachment theory. Taking into account the social context of the individual, where it is considered to be an ecosystem, systems theory serves as the basis for the understanding of the mental health of a person and their mental disorder (O'Gorman, 2021). It highlights the relationship between people’s behaviors and environments, and also explores how the intertwining of many systems impact behavior. However, attachment theory treats mental health as an important component of the general functioning of human beings and the quality of the first relationships has a great effect on it Positive outcomes in life emerge from secure attachments formed in infancy, whereas insecure attachments lead to mental health problems. SAMHSA’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services define mental health as one’s emotional, psychological and social well-being (O'Gorman, 2021). It determines how they think, feel, act and handle stress and relate with others as well. It also plays a role in their decision making. Mental illnesses entail anything that causes a change in an individual’s thinking, behavior, or mood and is important at every stage of life, from mild to serious. Mental health and mental illness is a state not in black and white. One must understand how such states can affect people’s lives, require early support and intervention for people as soon as it is possible. Importance of Theories in Social Work Practice Social work practice theories are vital in helping us understand why people behave in a certain way and how to address various issues that come up. Social work theories allow social workers to analyze cases, understand clients, develop interventions, predict interventions’ outcomes, and evaluate effects. Such theories aid in helping a social worker suspend personal biases, assumptions, and beliefs so as to pick out the most suitable intervention methods for their clients (Hooper, 2017). Some of the theories that are employed in social work comprise of systems theory, attachment theory, conflict theory, social learning theory, psychosocial development theory, and family systems theory. Social workers need to solve client issues using research- based methods. These theories provide a springboard for social workers to develop interventions and shape their work (Hooper, 2017).Therefore, understanding these theories can help social workers deal with issues of access to high-speed internet, mental health, and essential employees’ status in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. knowledge from theories of social work is useful in defining practices, understanding people’s behavior, and making interventions to better their living.

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7 Conclusion The social work field can also benefit from systems theory and attachment theory because both concepts contribute to the understanding of human behavior. These theories become platforms for explaining the dynamic relationships people have with their surroundings, which determine their physical and psychological health. Systems theory is about the broader social structures that affect individual development. Attachment theory underscores the significance of childhood relationships toward later growth. The social work values such as promoting social justice, empowerment, and holistic well-being are supported by the two theories. Integration of these theories into practice will enable social workers to understand better client’s experience and how to improve client’s wellbeing and social functioning. References Cherry, K. (2019). What is attachment theory: The importance of early emotional bonds. Psychology Today . Hooper, L. M. (2017). The application of attachment theory and family systems theory to the phenomena of parentification. The Family Journal , 15 (3), 217-223. Baylor University. (2022). Social Work Theories https://onlinegrad.baylor.edu/resources/social-work-theories/ Davies, L.(2022).What Is Systems Theory in Social Work? https://resources.noodle.com/articles/social-work-systems-theory/ Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2021). An attachment perspective on psychopathology. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) , 11 (1), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.01.003 Jerrom, C. (2020, October 8).Why training in attachment theory is key for social workers. WillisPalmer.https://www.willispalmer.com/why-training-in-attachment-theory-is-key- for- social-workers/

8 O'Gorman, S. (2021). Attachment theory, family system theory, and the child presenting with significant behavioral concerns. Journal of Systemic Therapies , 31 (3), 1-16.

Systems Theory and Attachment Theory

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