10 Generatons of Higher Ed Dis
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Ten Generations of Higher Education-Tishita Washington As we summarize the 10 Generations of American Higher Education, we start in the early 1600s in the Era of Reformation. This was a time when higher education was solely based on one different form of religion. Trying to preserve what was put into place or to find a new way of practicing their faith while fleeing religious persecution. During the first generation of higher education known as the "Reformation",
Three institutes of higher education were formed. Harvard College, The College of William and Mary, and Yale College. These three schools were established as an appendage of their respective churches. These schools were established with the idea of educating religious leaders that would lead them into the next Era and strengthen their religious contributions in the established colonies. Going forward into the second generation of higher education we Begin to witness Colonial Colleges begin to emerge around the mid-1700s. In the mid-1700s we see the fall of reformation colleges and the emergence of more denominational and tolerant structures form. While religion was still at the forefront in the second generation of higher education, they chose to have a governing body made up of ministers, community members, and the governor of the colony. The first established school to follow this protocol was The College of New Jersey (Princeton University) with several others to follow these schools would go on to enroll over 700 students some of those infiltrating the founding schools of the first generation which caused them to have to move in the "Great Awakening" This Era stood to become more cultured, more worldly, offering intellectual stimulations that went beyond the teachings of the Bible and allowed young men to find their paths outside of the ministry. Going into the third generation of higher education we see
the Republican Education come to the forefront. The Republican Education Era was based on uniting the colonies and instilling patriotism and fealty into its citizens and leaders. As the new republic started to form higher education took a hit as war emerged front and center causing those seeking higher education to take a pause and focus on defending their beloved country. Once Independence was gained states with no institutions of higher education followed suit and established their first state colleges While the concept was in place the infrastructure was not causing students to question their education as they yearned to explore the unknown and broaden their intellectual base. As the fourth generation of higher education is established, we witness some regression as students want the structure of the religious teachings but not the body. There was so much unrest that students could not establish a pattern conducive
to learning. Going into generation five we see students become more vocal about their teachings and wanting to move outside of the intellectual dead pool of subjects that were not practical and did not address or stretch the mind. Students were most concerned that one of the most satisfying and intriguing subjects was not on the table, Science. While institutions continued to stress the importance of foundational learning. While there was unrest and chaos in generation five, in generation six we saw the dawn of a new day emerge women were introduced into halls and classrooms of higher educational settings, we saw graduate programs begin to emerge, all while specialty schools were founded. In keeping with the momentum of generation six in seven we see exponential growth among students from different backgrounds beginning to march their way into institutions offering specialty programs. While standards were being put into play, we saw students finally finding their bearings. As students move forward toward educational freedom in generation eight, we see institutions start to lengthen their programs setting the foundation for the four-year institutions we have today offering two years of general courses and two years of high-degree-level courses all while offering residential on-campus living to those students. In generation nine we see thousands of soldiers returning home with no post-war career established. To assist these soldiers in forming a sense of normality and reestablishing their lives with marketable skills the G.I.Bill was formed which would allow soldiers to seek out higher education in hopes of gaining financial freedom and being productive citizens post-war. Also in the ninety generation, we see education open up to African Americans on a larger scale mainly due to the 1954 decision of Brown v. Board of Education disbanding segregation in public schools. As these were pinnacle achievements in moving the dial forward generation ten contends to be the Era that pushed the dial and continues to push the dial by establishing private institutions as well as loan options for paying for school. “Private colleges and universities adopted a strategy of “high tuition–high aid,” (Bastedo,Albach, & Gumpart, 2016) The foundations established in generation ten are still relevant and are continuing to evolve as education evolves into the next generation.
Ten Generations of Higher Education-Tishita Washington Based on my knowledge, as a person who is engulfed in higher education, and has worked in both traditional and non-traditional settings I would characterize today's college student population by saying that most are not engaged or driven unless it leads to instant gratification. Based on what I witness daily as an admissions adviser and college enrichment mentor. I am in contact with students from vastly different levels of society which allows me the ability to view students in rare form. Another contributing factor that hinders the current college student population and characterizes them as less engaged is the impact of social media, smartphones, and forms of social gratification. From my standpoint, the current student population cannot effectively communicate present conflict resolution and maintain the level of concentration needed to fully take on courses that require them to sit, take notes, and engage for more than thirty minutes to an hour without any hands-on experience, social engagement and does not allow them to think critically. In an article I recently read "Students neglect their studies by spending time on social networking websites rather than studying or interacting with people in person. Actively and frequently participating in social networking can negatively affect their grades or hamper their journeys to
their future careers." (Karadkar 2015). Due to the paralyzing impact of social media, the current student population only finds solace in instant gratification which does not allow them to reach their full potential
in a higher education environment.
Being extremely specific in speaking to the unique opportunities college campuses face today in a post-
COVID-19 environment, has played a key role in unique funding opportunities that have become available to students over the last four years. It has allowed for institutions of higher education both traditional and non-traditional to reach outside of the norm and offer unique funding opportunities to students who would have in a normal situation not have been able to access or attain the funding needed to attend post-secondary education. Some of those unique funding styles are but are not limited to technical schools offering free tuition for the first year of education, or students being able to access apprenticeship programs that not only pay for the student's course but also offer paid on-the-job training. You have traditional four-year institutions offering free tuition to students who are residents of the state and meet a certain financial threshold. In conjunction with institutions offering the opportunity to senior citizens to access a specific number of credit hours for free per semester. More scholarships are emerging within the institutions that are not solely based on academic performance or test scores but on a person's character and merit amongst other things. While there is much more to be done when looking at student success and retention, these are just a few of the unique opportunities that help to put a dent in the reconstruction of college campuses in a post-COVID-19 environment.
When facing difficult social political and other pressures, Christian faculty staff and administrators should
handle themselves and their responsibilities by using a kingdom (God) minded approach. When facing any obstacle or challenge as a Christian it is the responsibility of that person to seek God first before responding and to speak the truth in love by using words that bring clarity and help not destroy. Ephesians 4:29 states, "Do not let any unwholesome talk come out your mouth, but only what is helpful for building others up according to their needs that it may benefit those who listen." (NIV) As Christians, there is a responsibility to not shy away but to approach and handle situations that may be uncomfortable or may go against politically correct standards. God teaches us not to ride the fence but to take a stand even in adversity. While people are entitled to their own opinions it is the responsibility of Christians to stand fast to their beliefs while also maintaining a decorum that allows others to see God moving in and through them as they navigate a society that prides itself on cancel cultures that dares anyone to go against the agenda or narrative that's being pushed.
Ten Generations of Higher Education-Tishita Washington References Bastedo,M., Albach, P., & Gumport, P. (2016) American Higher Education in the 21
st
Century
.
Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Karadkar, A. (2015, September 13
). The impact of social media on student life. Technician. Retrieved February 13, 2024, from https://www.technicianonline.com/opinion/the-impact-of-social-media-on-
student-life/article_d1142b70-5a92-11e5-86b4-cb7c98a6e45f.html
Bible Gateway/ New International Version . Biblica, 2011, https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?
search=Ephesians%204%3A29&version=NIV, Accessed 13 Feb. 2024.
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