Interpreting the scripture Lev 16 29 34
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Interpreting The Text Assignment
Arrie Elizabeth Harlan
BIBL 300: Pentateuch
February 15, 2024
Leviticus 16: 29-34
Leviticus is the central book of the Pentateuch, which consists mostly of material that was revealed at Sinai after the Israelites' Exodus and before their wandering in the desert. Moses,
the great lawgiver, shaped the nation of Israel into a unified entity. After spending eighty days on
Mount Sinai with God, Moses organized the nation, built up the army, established courts and laws, and ordered formal worship. Although most of the laws that Moses gave to the people appear in Exodus and Numbers, Leviticus is the preeminent law book, emphasizing Israel's worship of God and providing instructions for the priests.
Leviticus is regarded as the biblical standard for sin, as evidenced by Moses' use of the terms "sins," "to sin," and "guilt," as well as the punishments assigned for various offenses. Sin is
a breach of God's law and requires atonement to renew fellowship between God and his people. God revealed the sacrificial system as the means of atonement.
1
While Leviticus 16 mainly pertains to the duties of the Priests, it provides a clear guideline of what is expected of God's people. “The Day of Atonement, to be observed every year on the tenth day of the seventh month
is a perpetual reminder of God's forgiveness, as well as the time when Moses returned with renewed tables and the assurance of God's reconciliation with Israel.”
2
By faith, we rely on Christ and his satisfaction as that which was alone able to atone for our sins,
"Thou shalt answer,
Lord, for me.
This is all I have to say for myself: Christ has died, yea, rather has risen again; to his grace and government I entirely submit myself, and in him I receive the atonement
"
(Romans
5:11).
1
R. Laird Harris, “Leviticus” in
The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Abridged Edition, Old Testament,
eds. Kenneth L. Barker and John R. Kohlenberger, III, (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1994), 127-128.
2
F. Duane Lindsey, “Leviticus,” in
The Bible Knowledge Commentary: Old Testament
, Gen. Eds.
John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 1984), 198.
According to instructions, people were to take a break from their labors and observe a Sabbath day of rest. Additionally, they were to afflict their souls by refraining from bodily refreshments and enjoyments. In Hebrews 10:1-3, Paul notes that the yearly remembrance of sin during the day of atonement showed the insufficiency of legal sacrifices to remove sin and purify
the conscience. The annual repetition of sacrifices demonstrated a weak attempt at atonement, which could only be achieved through the one-time offering of Christ's body. This sacrifice was sufficient and did not need to be repeated.
In order to make atonement for our sins, it is not enough to abstain from food and other pleasures. We must also afflict our souls through repentance and express genuine sorrow for our wrongdoing. Additionally, we must confess our sins with remorse and look to Christ with faith, mourning because of Him. By placing our faith in the atonement and confessing our sins, we can
be assured that God will forgive us and cleanse us of all unrighteousness (1 John 1:9).
Through the mediation and intercession of Jesus Christ, our debts can be forgiven, be released from bondage, and reclaim our inheritance. The atonement allows us to find rest for our souls, freedom from bondage, and the grace and mercy that comes with being a child of God.
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Exodus 14:1-12
Exodus continues to unfold the theology account that began in Genesis and continues in the books that follow. Exodus is of key importance in terms of “fulfilling the promise theme” that pervades the Bible. This makes the book one of major importance as God begins to fulfill his
promises to Abraham.
The word Exodus means “exit” or “departure.” In the Hebrew Bible, the book begins with the conjunction “and” emphasizing belief that it was a continuation of Genesis. “Exodus contains some of the richest theology in the Old Testament, laying the foundation for God’s revelation of his person, redemption, law, and worship. There are detailed disclosures of the nature of God and the significance of his presence.”
3
The plagues leading up to the Exodus were difficult for the Egyptians, but the most devasting plague they suffered was the tenth one when God said that all the firstborn sons were to be killed. The People of Israel did just as the Lord had commanded through Moses and Aaron and that night, At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn sons in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock as well. Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone
dead. (Exodus 12: 29-30).
Shortly after God delivered Israel from bondage, Pharaoh went after them. Pharaoh and his servants had a change of heart. It wasn’t a change where they repented of their sins and cried 3
Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Abridged Edition, Old Testament, eds. Kenneth L. Barker and John R. Kohlenberger, III, (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 1994), 64-65.
out to God for His mercy. Rather, they decided that they had made a mistake to let the enslaved Jews go. So they sent the army to pursue Israel to bring them back to Egypt as slaves. God directed Moses to lead Israel to turn back and camp in a place that was a military trap. God had a
definite plan to glorify Himself by delivering helpless Israel and destroying Pharaoh’s army. The parting of the Red Sea is one of the most familiar stories in the Old Testament. Its application for
us is that God ordains trials in our lives so that we will trust Him and honor Him when He delivers us.
There are truths to be gained from this passage of Scripture: (1) God is sovereign over all things, including the trials that come into our lives. The Lord specifically directed Moses to turn back and camp by the sea where there was no way to escape. Pharaoh got a report of this and believed they were confused, but God orchestrated the entire situation for his sovereign purposes. God repeatedly lets Moses know that Pharaoh’s change of heart came about because God hardened his heart. (2) God ordains trials so that we will trust him to deliver us. He very often brings trials into our lives before we have trusted in Christ as Savior to show us our need for him. God also ordains trials for us as believers so that we will trust him more deeply. We need to be genuine when we cry to God in a time of need. In Exodus 14:10, as Pharaoh and his army drew near to the trapped Israelites, they cried out to the Lord. But then they immediately (Exodus 14:11-12) accuse Moses of bringing them out of Egypt so that they could die in the wilderness. They remind him what they had said when they were back in Egypt that it would be better to remain slaves in Egypt than to die in the wilderness. Their accusation assumed that they knew better than either Moses or God about what would be best for them! “Though they cried out to the
Lord, they had no confidence he could help.”
4
Their cry to God was just a cry of panic, not genuine faith. Genuine faith submits to God’s mighty hand in trials, casting all cares on him. (1 Peter 5:6-7). Complaining or accusing God of harming you is evidence of a lack of genuine faith. We can trust that God always has the resources we need for deliverance. Satan and every enemy of God believed that they had gained the final victory by killing Jesus. But through the cross, God disarmed and triumphed over the forces of darkness, securing salvation for those who believed and put their trust and faith in God.
4
John D. Hannah, “Exodus” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary, Old Testament, gen. eds. John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 1984), 131.
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Bibliography
Hannah, John D. “Exodus” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary, Old Testament, gen. eds. John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 1984.
Harris, R. Laird, “Leviticus” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Abridged Edition, Old Testament, eds. Kenneth L. Barker and John R. Kohlenberger, III, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1994.
Kaiser, Jr., “Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Abridged Edition, Old Testament, eds. Kenneth L. Barker and John R. Kohlenberger, III, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic, 1994.
Lindsey, F. Duane, “Leviticus,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: Old Testament
, Gen. Eds.
John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck, Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 1984.