Theology of Discipleship Paper_CHPL655

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Theology of Discipleship Paper Rebecca Leigh Bannister CHPL 655: Chaplain Evangelism and Discipleship January 21, 2024
Contents Building A Theological Foundation ............................................................................................. 1 The Call to Discipleship ...................................................................................................... 2 The Nature of Discipleship .................................................................................................. 2 The Role of Scripture ........................................................................................................... 3 The Power of the Holy Spirit ............................................................................................... 3 The Community of Believers ............................................................................................... 4 The Practice of Spiritual Disciplines ................................................................................... 4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 6 ii
1 Effective chaplaincy requires a strong and comprehensive theology that encompasses all aspects of ministry. Discipleship holds a central position in the Scriptures, underscoring the call to follow Jesus and cultivate a personal relationship with him. This paper aims to present a clear theology of discipleship founded on Scripture, highlighting fundamental practices that guide believers into becoming steadfast followers of Christ. Sound interpretation and biblical analysis are crucial for communicating a clear theology of discipleship. Chaplains embody God’s plan and purpose by cultivating and nurturing disciples, by way of the Word of God and the Holy Spirit. By applying guiding principles rooted in Scripture, chaplains are equipped to be disciples of Christ, to obey the First and Second Commandments (Matt. 22:36-40, English Standard Version), to fulfill the Great Commission (Matt. 28:18-20) and bring honor and glory to God (1 Pet. 4:11; Heb. 13:20-21; 1 Cor. 10:31). Building A Theological Foundation Developing an individual theological and biblical foundation for discipleship requires an initial understanding of what it means to be Christ’s disciple. 1 “If you abide in my word, you are truly my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free” (John 8:31-32). Rod Dempsey and Dave Earley define a disciple as one “who has trusted Christ or salvation and has surrendered completely to him. He or she is committed to practicing the spiritual disciplines in the community and developing their full potential for Christ and his mission.” 2 The Word of 1 Catherine Mowry LaCugna, God For Us: The Trinity & Christian Life (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1991), ix. “The doctrine of the Trinity is not above all a theory about God’s ‘internal self-relatedness but an effort to articulate the basic faith of Christians. In Jesus Christ, the ineffable and invisible God saves us from sin and death; by the power of the Holy Spirit, God continues to be altogether present to us, seeking everlasting communion with all creatures. Christianity and Christian theology simply cannot do without a trinitarian doctrine of God that articulates the heart of this faith.” 2 Rod Dempsey and Dave Earley, Disciple Making Is . . .: How to Live the Great Commission with Passion and Confidence (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2013), 28.
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2 God emphasizes the call for disciples to abandon things of this world and follow Jesus 3 (1 John 2:17; 2 Cor. 5:17). Followers of Christ are to be disciplined in spiritual practices and purpose (John 14:26; 1 Cor. 12:8-10). Additionally, disciples are developed in the context of a body of believers and are called to be the hands and feet of Jesus 4 (Mark 10:45; John 13:14-15; Eph. 2:10; Phil. 2:3-4). The Call to Discipleship Scripture emphasizes that discipleship begins with a clear call from Jesus. In Matthew, chapter 4, verse nineteen, Jesus invites his disciples, saying, “Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men” (Matt. 4:19). This call is not limited to the first disciples of Jesus’ time but extends to all believers. Discipleship starts with a personal encounter with Jesus and a commitment to respond to his call (Like 14:26-28, Matt. 6:33). Furthermore, in “Freed to Proclaim: Evangelism and Discipleship,” Sara A. Funkhouser emphasizes, in a diverse society with various religious and non-religious backgrounds, Christians must reclaim and clarify their understanding and proclamation of the Gospel amidst misrepresentations of who Jesus is. 5 It is a transformative journey that encompasses every aspect of one’s life. The Nature of Discipleship Discipleship is sacrificial, relational, and transformational in nature. 6 It involves a lifelong commitment to learning from and imitating Jesus, through the prompting of the Holy Spirit. In Luke, chapter nine, verse twenty-three, Jesus conveys that following after him requires 3 Ibid., 22. 4 Dempsey and Earley, Disciple Making Is , 22. 5 Sara A. Funkhouser, “Freed to Proclaim: Evangelism and Discipleship,”  Currents in Theology and Mission  49, no. 2 (2022): 38. 6 Dempsey and Earley, Disciple Making Is , 26-28.
3 denying oneself and taking up one’s cross daily (Luke 9:23). This practice highlights the sacrificial nature of discipleship (Luke 17:10), requiring believers to surrender personal desires and align one’s life with the teachings and example of Jesus. Disciples obediently follow the proclamations of God, placing oneself under his authority (Matt. 26:19). This is a continual process of growth and transformation, characterized by dying to self and living for Christ, serving and loving his children. The Role of Scripture The Word of God is alive and active (Heb.4:12). Scripture plays a vital role in discipleship, serving as the foundation for sound teaching, guidance, and transformation. In 2 Timothy, chapter three verses sixteen through seventeen declares, “All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work” (2 Tim. 3:16-17). Effective discipleship requires an ongoing study and application of God’s Word, allowing it to shape beliefs, attitudes, and actions (John 8:31; Rom. 12:2). Scripture provides the ultimate authority and source of wisdom for every aspect of discipleship. The Power of the Holy Spirit The power of discipleship is not merely achieved by human effort, but it relies on the empowering presence of the Holy Spirit. In John, chapter fourteen, verse twenty-six, Jesus promises to send a helper and teacher, the one who guides believers into all truth (John 14:26). The Holy Spirit enables believers to understand and live out the teachings of Scripture, equipping individuals for effective discipleship (Acts 13:52; Gal. 5:22-23). It is through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit that believers are empowered to abide in, bear fruit, and manifest the character of Christ (John 15:5, 7-8).
4 The Community of Believers Discipleship is not an individual pursuit but is nurtured within the body of Christ, The Church, the community of believers. In Unfinished Business: Returning the Ministry to the People of God , Greg Ogden wrote, “It is through our ministry of spiritual gifts that we make our contribution to the health of the whole.” 7 In Acts, chapter two, verse forty-two, provides insight into how the early disciples devoted themselves to teaching, fellowship, breaking of bread, and prayer. This highlights the importance of gathering fellow believers, learning, growing, supporting one another, and holding each other accountable in the journey of discipleship (Heb. 10:24-25, 1 Thess. 5:11). The body of believers provides opportunities for encouragement, accountability, and spiritual growth. The Practice of Spiritual Disciplines Discipleship involves the intentional practice of spiritual disciplines that deepen one’s relationship with God and cultivate spiritual growth. The transformational principles are bible study, journaling, memorization, meditation, silence, solitude, prayer, and fasting. 8 These disciplines create space for communication with God, foster spiritual maturity, and empower believers to live out one’s faith. These disciplines are intentional habits that shape the character and transform the life of a disciple. Dempsey explains, the ultimate goal of a disciple is to produce fruit which brings glory to the Father. “God’s will for each of us is to bear fruit, and when we bear fruit, God is glorified” (John 15:8). 9 7 Greg Ogden, Unfinished Business: Returning the Ministry to the People of God (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010), 11. 8 Dempsey and Earley, Disciple Making Is , 27. See also, 2 Timothy 1:7; Colossians 3:17; Deuteronomy 11:18-23; Jeremiah 15:16, 30:2; Joshua 1:8; Psalms 1:1-2, 23:1-3, 62:1; Isaiah 30:15; Mark 1:35; Luke 6;12-13; Acts 1:13-14, 2:1-2, 14:23; Exodus 34:28, Matthew 6:16-18. 9 Rod Dempsey, “Discovering an Organizing Principle,” in Disciple Making Is . . .: How to Live the Great Commission with Passion and Confidence (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2013), 19.
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5 Conclusion “For all Christians, our understanding of Christianity, specifically the Gospel, and why it relates to community with others and the world around us, shapes the way in which we view our relationship with the Triune God.” 10 A theology of discipleship based on the Scriptures emphasizes the call to follow Jesus, the sacrificial nature of discipleship, the importance of Scripture, the power of the Holy Spirit, the role of community, and the practice of spiritual discipline. By grounding our understanding of discipleship in the Word of God and applying sound interpretation and biblical analysis, individuals can grow as faithful followers of Christ, fulfilling the Great Commission and impacting the world for His Glory. Bibliography Dempsey, Rod, and Dave Earley. Disciple Making Is . . .: How to Live the Great Commission with Passion and Confidence . Nashville: B&H Academic, 2013. Dempsey, Rod. “Discovering an Organizing Principle.” In Disciple Making Is . . .: How to Live the Great Commission with Passion and Confidence , 13-19. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2013. Funkhouser, Sara A. “Freed to Proclaim: Evangelism and Discipleship.”  Currents in Theology 10 Funkhouser, “Freed to Proclaim,” 41.
6 and Mission  49, no. 2 (2022): 38–41. LaCugna, Catherine Mowry. God For Us: The Trinity & Christian Life . New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1991. Ogden, Greg. Unfinished Business: Returning the Ministry to the People of God . Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010.