Chapter 10 Learning Outcomes
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Apr 3, 2024
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Zmaya Williams
Instructor : Dr. John Mozingo
REL-110-01IN
1 April 2024
Chapter 10 : Learning Outcomes
10-1 Explain the meaning of Judaism and related terms. Judaism is the historic religion of the
Jewish people.
Solution : This name comes from the ancient tribe of Judah, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Before 500 B.C.E., the ancestors of the Jews went by other names. The first was Hebrews, the name of the people during patriarchal times through the Exodus. When they settled in Palestine after the Exodus, they became known as Israelites, a name derived from the ancient patriarch Israel (Jacob). The modern nation of Israel, founded
in 1948, uses the same name as that of ancient Israel, but the people of modern Israel are called Israelis, not Israelites.
10-2 Summarize how the main periods of Judaism’s history have shaped its present.
Solution : Its main periods are from the creation of the world to Abraham, the father of the Jewish people (ca. 2000 B.C.E.); the emergence of ancient Israel from Egypt, entry into the land of Canaan, and tribal confederacy (ca. 1200–950 B.C.E.); the First Temple Period of the united and then divided kingdoms, which ended in destruction of the north and exile of the south (950–586 B.C.E.); the Second Temple Period, which saw foreign rule and the rise of Jewish movements (539 B.C.E.–70 C.E.); the next period, which saw two failed revolts against Roman rule and the rise of the Pharisee/rabbi movement (66–ca. 650 C.E.); period of Islamic and Christian rule (ca. 650–1800 C.E.); period of emancipation and growing diversity in Europe (1800–1932); the Holocaust and its aftermath, when millions of Jews were killed in Europe and modern Israel was founded (1932–present).
10-3 Outline the essential teachings of Judaism in your own words. Solution : Judaism as a whole has no official statement of its teachings. Persons are Jewish whether they adhere to a complete system of traditional Jewish beliefs, hold simple
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beliefs that give meaning to a few rituals such as the Passover meal, or do not believe in any traditional Jewish teachings. This diversity in Jewish belief arises in part because actions, not beliefs, are the most important aspect of Judaism. Despite this lack of emphasis on teaching, the Jewish Bible and Talmud teach a great deal about God (ethical monotheism), humanity (made in one family in the image of God), and the meaning of life (to keep the world as God’s creation). Jewish history has seen significant
theological inquiry into religious concepts—in philosophy, religious practices, and mystical practices.
10-4 Describe the main features of Jewish ethics. Solution : The moral life of all branches of Judaism today rests on biblical foundations. God created the world as a good place, to reflect God’s own glory and goodness in all the aspects of human life. God not only searches and redeems people who wander away, but
God also commands humans to follow his way. For the rabbis of antiquity and the Middle Ages, and for Orthodox and most Conservatives today, the moral code of the Bible gives laws that demand obedience. Jewish morality rests on the foundation of ethical monotheism. Not only is God the one and only God, but God is also perfectly right and righteous. The Torah given by God enables people to know what God’s will is.
Evil is not built into the structure of the universe but is the product of human choices. Humans are free moral agents created in the image of God.
10-5 Summarize Jewish worship, the Sabbath and major festivals, and life-cycle rituals. Solution : Because Judaism is a religion of practice, it has a full set of rituals for synagogue worship, home practices, and community-based religious festivals. Synagogue worship is held almost every day, with special services on the Sabbath. The Sabbath is a day of mandatory rest and worship. Judaism has several main festivals (Passover, celebrating deliverance from ancient Egypt; Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement; and Rosh Hashanah, New Year’s Day) and lesser festivals. Major life-cycle rituals include circumcision, which makes the male a member of the Jewish people; the bar/bat mitzvah marking and celebrating adulthood; weddings; and funerals.
10-6 Outline the main features of Judaism around the world today, especially in Israel and North America. Solution : In 2010, the world Jewish population was about 13.5 million. About 42 percent of all Jews reside in Israel, and about 42 percent reside in North America. The rest live in Europe and are scattered widely in smaller communities in South America, Asia, and
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Africa. Jews everywhere tend to practice their faith within the three main branches: Orthodox, the most traditional form of Judaism; Conservative, in reality a moderate form called Masorti in Israel and Europe; and Reform, the liberal branch.
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