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Jesus speaks prophetically about end-time signs in Matthew 24: 1-8. “Signs” such as the destruction of the Jewish Temple, wars, wars and rumors of wars, famines and earthquakes preceded this end of time. Four linguistic, historical, and cultural factors are crucial to understanding this passage: Historical and cultural frame is necessary for understanding the Temple’s destruction’s central theme. In the cultural, political, and religious spheres of life, the Jerusalem Jewish Temple was important (Dumper, 1997). Around which the entire Jewish religion and identity revolved. It was then that the Jewish nation’s fate became sealed. Second, Matthew 24: To get the full impact of 6’s reference to “wars and rumors of wars”, you need a working relationship with early first-century Roman history. In 70 CE, the destruction came when the Roman-Jewish War took its toll on the holy site (Aberbach, 2018). When we consider the historical context, Jesus’ statements can be seen as pertinent to an audience living through periods of great political and military upheaval. Thirdly, Matthew 24: Famines and earthquakes of 7’s reveals the suffering of old societies in the Mediterranean region. Famines and earthquakes resulted in tremendous hardship and loss of life (Lawrenz, 1997). Such cataclysmic events exacerbated instability in the period and underscored the words of Jesus regarding what would be happening at the end. And lastly, rendering the above Greek text in English helps understand this section. NT scholarship must know how to do this from the book itself. It allows us to take the exact words of Jesus’ speech and keep all the details and subtleties intact. A resource on the IWU campus for linguists would be “The Greek New Testament” by Kurt and Barbara Aland. This extensive study sheds light on the Greek New Testament text and helps scholars understand its meaning (Elliott, 2014). It

helps us grasp Jesus' end-time teachings by identifying his Greek words and phrases in Matthew 24: 1-8. Finally, "Interpreting the Gospels" and "Eschatological Themes in the Synoptic Gospels" enhance Matthew 24:1-8 research. These categorized search results will highlight the passage's history, grammar, and theology. This case study illustrates that well-chosen resources improve sacred text understanding and underline the necessity for Religion and Theology research. References Elliott, J. K. (2014). The Greek New Testament. Edited by BARBARA ALAND, KURT ALAND, JOHANNES KARAVIDOPOULOS, CARLO M. MARTINI, and BRUCE METZGER. Journal of Theological Studies, 65(2), 664– 671. https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/flu096 Dumper, M. (1997). The politics of Jerusalem since 1967 . Columbia University Press. Aberbach, D. (2018). Poverty and mass education: The Jews in the Roman empire (No. 18-192). Working Paper Series. Lawrenz, J. C. (1997). Ministers of Reconciliation–As WELS Faces the 21st Century. Reply to Thread Filter by: All Posts | Clear filters Show: Threaded Newest First Oldest First Author First Name A-Z Author First Name Z-A Author Last Name A-Z Author Last Name Z-A Subject A-Z Subject Z-A Attachments First  View profile card for Michael Irvine

Michael Irvine September 29 at 4:33 PM Dahyanna, Thank you for your post. These days there seems to be a great deal of concern about eschatological matters. I hear a lot of people talking about it and online chatter about whether or not we are in the midst of the end times. When I am confronted about it I try to remind people that we don't know when that day will arrive. Even Jesus didn't know, and we are certainly not as smart as him. Nor is it in our job description as a Christian to get people worked up about every bit of news we associate with "The End." There is something about this passage that has always made me deeply think about God and the Temple. William Barclay writes about the immensity and beauty of the Temple, contrasted with the wonder Jesus' disciples had concerning it as they left Jerusalem for the Mount of Olives following this last discourse of Jesus', which just happens to be about this subject (Barclay, 1958). This is worth a read if you can obtain it. Barclay writes very well. A thought I've had that goes along with this subject has to do with how Jesus reacts to the disciples' fascination about the Temple and their questions about when will the destruction he speaks about come? And when will be the end of the age? Roger Hahn writes about this and points out that Jesus leaves the Temple immediately following his judgment on Jerusalem. He notes that no where in the Gospels is it found that Jesus ever returned to the Temple. He simply leaves and withdraws to the Mount of Olives. Hahn also connects this with a passage in Ezekiel 11:23 "where the glory of the Lord departed from Jerusalem and withdrew to the Mount of Olives. Jesus left the Holy City and went to the Mount of Olives" (Hahn, 2007). This has always made me consider something: will Jesus return to the Third

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Temple when it is rebuilt? We know from Revelation the Antichrist is the one to do that, sit upon the throne, and declare himself as God. I do not think it is Jesus who returns to the Third Temple. I think he is now The Temple, and Christians who accept him allow him to build his Temple inside us. Which brings me to the point of this post and Jesus' message about signs, and wars, and famines, and earthquakes: these things will all happen: but do NOT be alarmed! Do not be deceived! What is important is not knowing when these things will take place, but that we are prepared in our hearts and minds when they do. Burge and Green write about this in their book: "The purpose of this passage, along with the other NT reflections on the final events of history, was not to speculate about the date when the end would occur but to instruct the church to stand ready for Christ's advent" (Burge & Green, 2020). Hahn's book is a very good read - in fact the entire commentary series is great. I purchased the hardback edition of Burge & Green's book to add to my library. It is a good addition. References Barclay, W. (1958). The Gospel of Matthew (Volume 2). Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. Hahn, R. L. (2007). Matthew: A Commentary for Bible Students. Indianapolis: Wesleyan Publishing House. Burge, G. M., & Green, G. L. (2020). The New Testament in Antiquity: A Survey of the New Testament Within Its Cultural Contexts. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. Reply  View profile card for Dahyanna Hamilton

Dahyanna Hamilton yesterday at 9:08 AM • 96 Words Mike, Your contributions are always so good, I am grateful. I agree with you, there is so much information online about the second coming of Christ and we must be careful about what we read and what we listen to. I have heard about a few people self-proclaiming as Jesus. I also have heard of people giving dates for the second coming. That is a conversation that I often have with my kids about not listening to people sharing dates about the second coming of Christ and about having our hearts ready for that glorious day. Reply  View profile card for David Ackerman David Ackerman Sun at 1:05 AM Dahyanna, The Greek New Testament you reference is the standard Greek text used by scholars. It is an "eclectic" text, meaning, it uses various manuscripts to reconstruct what is believed to be the closest we can get to the original autographs, which no longer exist. I consult this text everyday with my daily devotions. Jesus and his disciples originally spoke Aramaic, so even what we have in the New Testament is a translation from what Jesus actually said. We only have a few Aramaic words in the New Testament. But, we can trust that what was written in Greek is an accurate translation of what Jesus

said, or at least the key ideas. Everything in the Gospels went through years of oral retelling until they were written at some point decades later. We also trust that the Holy Spirit was involved in each step of this process. David Reply  View profile card for Dahyanna Hamilton Dahyanna Hamilton yesterday at 9:29 AM • 47 Words Dr. Ackerman, Thank you for your contribution to my post. I firmly believe that the Holy Spirit was in the midst of the oral retelling. I would love to have this text to consult as well. Do you have any other texts that you can recommend? Thanks. Reply

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