Vocab & Concept List Exam 2

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Asbury College *

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250

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Religion

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Oct 30, 2023

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1 TH 250 Vocabulary & Concept List TH250 Exam 2 Fall 2023 TERMS Harmatiology : The doctrine of sin Theodicy : The attempt to explain the ways of God in view of the problem of evil Soteriology : The doctrine of salvation Pneumatology : The doctrine of the Holy Spirit Incarnation : The historic event when God the Son became human Hypostatic union : The unity of divine and human natures as they came together in Christ’s one person at the Incarnation Theotokos : Mary as “bearer of God,” a creedal statement from the Council of Ephesus that defended the divinity and humanity of Christ Sin : Any failure to conform to the moral law of God Actual Sin: Those acts that we personally commit against the moral law of God Original Sin : The inherited propensity to sin due to our physical relationship to Adam; it imputes Adam ’s unrighteousness to us Atonement : The work Christ performed in his life and death to earn our salvation, which centers on a blood theme with penal substitution for sins; here Adam’s unrighteousness is imputed to Christ Penal Substitution/Vicarious Atonement : A substituted penalty for sins accomplished by Christ Propitiation: The satisfaction that Jesus accomplished towards the wrath of God in judgment of sin Reconciliation: The reconciliation between broken or distant parties, accomplished by Christ on behalf of sinners before God Redemption : A buying back; a purchase for freedom as a biblical illustration of salvation Regeneration : The act of God in which he imparted new spiritual life to us; it involves a spiritual rebirth accomplished by grace Repentance : A heartfelt sorrow for sin, a renouncing of it, and a sincere commitment to forsake it and walk in obedience to Christ; faith proceeds/promotes repentance, resulting in saving faith where knowledge alone is not enough Conversion : The transformation by God when we willingly respond to the gospel call, when we sincerely repent of sins and turn to place our trust in Christ for salvation Justification : An instantaneous legal act of God in which he applies Christ’s righteousness for the forgiveness of our sins and declares us righteous in his sight; it imputes Christ’s righteousness to us Adoption : The act of God whereby he makes us members of his family with the benefits of God becoming our father and Christ our brother

2 Election: The process by which God selects either the exact recipient for salvation (Reformed view) or the plan with benefits of salvation (Arminian View) Monergism : God alone acts in salvation without cooperation from humans and their free will Synergism : God acts in salvation with cooperation from humans and their free will Prevenient Grace: The act of God the Spirit pursuing and preparing hearts for salvation; the grace of God whereby the Holy Spirit dissolves total depravity, allowing and compelling a heart to turn to God Gospel call : The proclamation of the gospel message to the human heart that functions as an invitation to believe Sanctification: The continued salvation process in which we are made holy, becoming like Jesus and being transformed by his grace; the progressive work of the Spirit that makes us freer from sin and more like Christ in our actual lives Glorification: The final event after judgment when we are made perfect CONCEPTS Offices of Christ : Three OT offices of prophet, priest, king that were fulfilled by Christ and are now fulfilled by believers Covenant : A binding agreement between two parties with promises, consequences, and an outward sign that is a biblical expression of God ’ s relationship with his people Blood Theme : An atonement theme in the bible evidenced in Eden, Noah, Passover, and the Levitical system centered on a covenant that is sealed with blood Cause of the Atonement : That both the love and the justice of God motivated the work of Christ for humanity Need for Atonement : That all have sinned, all have inherited from Adam, all are dead in trespasses requires a sacrifice to resolve Nature of Atonement : That Christ operated with both an active obedience and a passive obedience Post-Mortem Evangelism : A belief that some will hear the gospel after death Elect : Those individuals that are or will be the recipient of his saving grace Foreknowledge : Advanced knowledge of certain events not necessarily causing them Particular Election : View that God chooses the individual to be the recipient of his grace for his glory without condition; aka determination or foreordination of the individual; the basis for the Reformed or Calvinist view Conditional Election : View that God provides the opportunity for salvation for whosoever will receive it; aka contingency with foreknowledge; the basis for the Arminian or Wesleyan view Sacerdotalism : That the church dispenses the grace as God ’ s primary means to bless his people

3 TULIP : The Reformed or Calvinist system of salvation: Total Depravity (People cannot see their need for a savior nor solve sin crisis), Unconditional Election (God elected those individuals who will be saved), Limited Atonement (Christ died only for the elect), Irresistible Grace (salvation of the elect is certain), Perseverance of the Saints (the elect cannot lose salvation) Filioque : Meaning “from the Son” in the Nicene Creed, a church controversy in 1054 which divided west (Catholicism) and east (Orthodoxy) over whether the Spirit proceeded from the Son or the Father Holiness : Meaning “ set apart, ” the goal of the believer in salvation to be more like Christ Pentecostal : The denomination that emphasizes spiritual gifts, including speaking in tongues, as a sign of the baptism in the Spirit Calvinism : The theological system whereby God predestined the individual to be saved (among other qualities) Exclusivism: Belief that salvation comes only through hearing and believing the gospel Inclusivism : Belief that salvation may come through the gospel proper or through response to available revelation Pluralism : A belief that salvation comes through various religious traditions Universalism : A believe that all people will eventually be saved Initial Sanctification: The inaugural act of God in which he makes us holy; transpires at conversion; an introduction to the converted life; not a final work Progressive Sanctification: The ongoing act of God in which he continues to make us holy; complementary to the initial work not necessarily a final work, involves continual change and growth 2nd Work of Grace: An act of God in which he catalyzes the sanctification process by empowering the believer in a special way; subsequent to conversion, sometimes called “ Baptism in the Holy Spirit ” and a “c risis experience ” Entire Sanctification: A provisional work of perfection in this life in which God’s grace allows a Christian (a) not to sin willfully against God and (b) show a life characterized by love; doctrine of Christian perfection like Eastern Orthodox Theology theosis ; it is a testimony of the possibility of the grace of God when we cooperate with Him FIGURES Pelagius: 5th century British monk in Rome who taught that people are born without sin, that sin is not inherited, that humans are born good/neutral, that bad examples of other sinners influence us to sin, that humans have no sinful nature, that grace is merely the example of Jesus and gift of free will; his viewed was rejected at Councils of Ephesus and Orange Augustine : 5th century monk in north Africa who taught that people are born with sin, that sin is inherited, that humans are born sinful, that it is inherited from Adam, and

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4 that humans possess a sinful nature that leads us to sin; his view was partially accepted at Orange and he became the most influential thinker on Western Christianity John Calvin : 16th century church leader in Geneva, Switzerland during the Reformation whose salvation theology is represented by the TULIP model Jacob Arminius : 16th century church in Leiden, Netherlands after the Reformation whose salvation theology is represented by a mitigated free will and universal opportunity to believe EVENTS Council of Nicaea : Ecumenical council of 325 in which the church defined the doctrine of the Trinity, condemning views of Arius Council of Chalcedon : Ecumenical council of 431 in which the church defined the two natures of Christ, condemning view Eutyches Council of Orange : Western council of 529 in which a semi-Pelagian view was adopted by the Roman Catholic Church, accepting God‘s g race as the source of salvation, primarily through the church, but did not recognize predestination Council of Trent : Western, Catholic council 1564 that dealt with Catholic issues of clergy reforms, rejection of justification by faith without works, and definition of Scripture to include the OT apocrypha Vatican II Council: Western, Catholic council of 1964 that recognized how all revelation points to salvation, including nature, sacraments, and a measure of illumination in other religions *This study guide is provided as a courtesy by the professor in good faith and should not be used later to accuse the contents of the exam