Memory

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Sinclair Community College *

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1110

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Psychology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Ashleigh Foster General Psychology Professor Johnson 17 March 2024 Module 8: Memory 1. In your own words, list the three stages of memory and explain the characteristics of each of the three stages in detail. Please remember to include the proper name of all three stages. The three stages if memory is sensory, short-term, and long term. Sensory memory is the stage where information is temporarily stored, converting sensory information into stuff the brain can process. Sensory memory can hold unprocessed information for about 3 seconds. Short-term memory is the stage responsible for holding the information that you are currently aware of or currently thinking about. It has a limited capacity and can hold the information for about 30 seconds. Long- term memory is where information is held for a long period of time. This stage has an unlimited capacity. This stage involves consolidation, which is where new neural circuits are made and can be reactivated at any time. Long-term memory has 3 types, episodic, semantic, and procedural memory. Episodic memory is memories that relate to your own experiences. Semantic memory is general knowledge and information about the world. Procedural memory is memories of learned skills and habits.

2. Consider the Eyewitness Testimony reading; in what ways does bias influence our memories, and what can that mean for someone in real life? In the reading, there were three types of memory bias: the information effect, schemata and expectations, and false memories. This misinformation effect is like when an officer asks open ended questions during an investigation, which can lead to the witness recalling the information wrong. Schemata and expectations are our own beliefs and expectations about how the world is. This could cause a witness to include unnecessary details that may not have been present. False memories that never happened, these can be the cause of misleading information. 3. Select an event from your life that you have stored in your long-term memory, and clarify whether it falls under the category of episodic, semantic, or procedural memory. Please refrain from choosing an overly personal event. When I learned how to drive a stick shift. (Procedural memory). 4. Based on the reading assignment on Loftus and Palmer, summarize the primary findings of study #1 and study #2. Additionally, discuss the implications of these findings regarding the accuracy of our memories. Study #1 was 45 people watching videos of traffic accidents and then asked to describe what happened. They found that when they asked how fast they thought the individual was driving, the verb they used affected the person’s speed estimate. This study shows that language used could influence a witness memory of an event. Study #2 was 150 people watching a car accident and they were asked a several questions about it. The participants who were asked “ How fast the cars going when they smashed

into each other?” This study shows that leading questions could create a bias in their response and alter the person’s memory of the event. 5. Label the parts of the diagram below to illustrate the conceptual relationship among the subdivisions of long-term memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968). A. Long-term memory B. Explicit Memory C. Implicit Memory D. Episodic memory E. Semantic memory F. Learned skill and habits

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