Quiz 2

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Arizona State University *

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577

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Uploaded by antoniahughesrnpikos0104

Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 23.33 out of 25 Submitted Oct 29 at 1:06pm This attempt took 70 minutes. Question 1 1 / 1 pts Social cognition is the study of development of knowledge about the self and others. One topic included in the study of social cognition is called “theory of mind.” What is meant by “theory of mind”? the study of how adults typically misunderstand children’s needs because of egocentrism the study of how children communicate through their dreams and pretend play to convey meaning about their wishes and fears the study of how children mature in their ability to understand and account for the behavior of others a theory of socialization about how to motivate children to mind their parents and other adults Question 2 1 / 1 pts Imagine that a child is playing with blocks. Are the blocks similar or different? If the child focuses on two red blocks, the blocks are similar; if the child focuses on a rectangle and a square, the blocks are different. The idea of “similar and different” are examples of ___________: adaptation egocentrism decentering

logico-mathematical knowledge Question 3 1 / 1 pts Piaget’s writings inspired research and theory in the field of moral development. Theories of moral development typically support the view that as children’s cognitive capacities mature, they are increasingly likely to appreciate that moral principles are based on _______ rather than on _______: social agreements; fixed rules justice; equity hope; despair consequences; intentions Question 4 1 / 1 pts What is the adaptive value of cognitive organization? it solves the problem of how to identify safe from poisonous foods it improves reproductive success it reduces the amount of information needed to respond to individual stimuli it serves as a defense against unacceptable impulses

Question 5 1 / 1 pts In what way does Robbie Case’s theory of central conceptual structures differ from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development? Case integrates the child’s emotional life and unconscious drives with cognitive capacities Case sees conceptual structures linked to specific domains such as arithmetic and social interactions rather than operations that underlie broad stages of development Case sees development as following a sequence of stages Case sees heteronomous morality as more important than autonomous morality Question 6 1 / 1 pts Equilibrium is achieved through ____________, a process of gradually modifying existing schemes in order to take into account discrepancies between what is known and what is being experienced: natural selection evolution adaptation schematic overload

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Question 7 1 / 1 pts In Piaget's theory, which of the following are considered the two complementary processes that account for adaptation? sensorimotor intelligence and preoperational thought assimilation and accommodation cultural discontinuity and moral reasoning natural selection and fitness Question 8 1 / 1 pts What is the mechanism that accounts for change in classical conditioning? Modeling Associational learning The law of exercise The law of effect Question 9 1 / 1 pts What is the mechanism that accounts for change in social learning? Modeling

The law of effect Associational learning The law of exercise Question 10 1 / 1 pts Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning was very similar to that of Thorndike’s Law of Effect. He found that learning is guided by which of the following? the role of reflexes the consequences of the behavior stimulus control the events preceding the response Question 11 1 / 1 pts What is a negative reinforcer? A stimulus that ____________: has the same meaning as the ongoing behavior increases the likelihood of a response increases the likelihood of a response when it is removed

acts as a punishment to decrease the behavior Question 12 1 / 1 pts In the theory of operant conditioning, what is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment? punishment and negative reinforcement are different terms for the same thing punishment leads to more lasting changes in behavior than negative reinforcement punishment is a consequence that decreases the likelihood an unwanted behavior will recur; a negative reinforcement is a consequence that increases the likelihood a behavior will recur when it is removed negative reinforcements decrease the likelihood of responses; punishments increase the likelihood of responses when they are removed Question 13 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is defined as an expectation that an outcome will not be influenced by any response that a learner makes? learned helplessness resourcefulness learned convergence

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discrimination Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which statement below accurately reflects the view of the environment in social cognitive theory? environments can vary from imposed to modifiable to self-constructed environments are imposed and have fixed schedules of reinforcement because environments are so varied, they are not relevant in the learning process knowing about the demands of the environment leads to an accurate prediction about learning and behavior Question 15 1 / 1 pts A key element in the cognitive basis of behavior is the sense of confidence that one can perform the behaviors demanded by a situation. This is known as __________: self-awareness none of the above self-esteem self-efficacy

Question 16 1 / 1 pts When a bell that used to signal food is no longer followed by food, the salivation response to the bell will eventually fade. This is called _____________: extinction repression short-term memory recall Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is the best definition of learning? the ability to remember and recall information for long periods of time the information acquired from your parents and attendance in school the relatively permanent changes in thinking and behavior that occur as a result of experience activities that form habits without the need for thought (i.e., stimulus- response bonds) Partial Question 18 1.33 / 2 pts Select all that apply.

Which of the following is/are considered a learning theory in our text? Social learning theory Cognitive behaviorism Theory of post-formal reasoning Operant conditioning Partial Question 19 1 / 2 pts Select all that apply. Which of the following statements about mastering skills like math facts is true, according to learning theorists? We can build factual background knowledge without drilling Mastering basic math facts is necessary for higher-level thinking Drill and Practice is less efficient than simple repeated practice for building factual knowledge Question 20 4 / 4 pts Please match the following definitions (left) with the terms (right) related to classical conditioning. Multiple definitions may have the same answer. What naturally produces a reflexive response

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Unconditioned stimulus The natural reflexive response Unconditioned response What does not produce a reflexive response Neutral stimulus What does not naturally produce a reflexive response Conditioned stimulus Quiz Score: 23.33 out of 25 Previous Next Submission Details:

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