Psy Unit 1- Ron Campbell

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Unit 1 Assessment- Research Design Ronald Campbell Herzing University PS101-8A Psychology Ms. Liz Button 11/26/2023

Experimental design is where a researcher manipulates variables and measures the effects on different variables. The goal of this design is to determine causality between variables. There are three different types of experimental designs these are independent measures, repeated measures, and matched pairs design. Independent measure involves having a different group for each condition of the experiment being performed. Repeated measures design involves one group participating in each of the variable conditions. Matched design is when participants are matched based on key variables and then one is set to the experimental group while the other is in the control group. Strengths of experimental design:  Allows researchers to have a high level of control  Can provide specific conclusions  Cause and effect can be determined  Can be combined with other types of research Weaknesses of experimental design:  Results can be seen as subjective due to human error  Can create unrealistic situations  This type of research doesn’t provide an explanation  Participants can be influenced A study that used experimental design was a study on whether sleep-deprived people were viewed as less healthy and less attractive. The study used 23 healthy sleep-deprived people who were photographed after a normal night's sleep and then again after sleep deprivation. These

images were looked at by 65 random observers who concluded that sleep-deprived people are viewed as less healthy, less attractive, and more tired compared to when they are fully rested. Naturalistic observation is when researchers study behavior without altering the natural setting of the participants. This gives insights into how people interact and behave in life situations. This research method is used by psychologists and other social scientists. Strengths of naturalistic observation:  Allows for research to be performed without altering the individual's setting  Gives a firsthand look at social behaviors  It allows for research that can not be manipulated Weaknesses of naturalistic observation:  Research can be affected by outside variables  Data collected can be inaccurate  Research collection can be time-consuming  Information collected can be seen as useless An example of naturalistic observation was a study done by Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall. She traveled to Kenya and studied chimpanzees by sitting in their habitat and taking notes. Her notes became research papers that gave insight into the behavior of chimpanzees.

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References Axelsson J , Sundelin T , Ingre M , Van Someren E J W , Olsson A , Lekander M et al. Beauty sleep: an experimental study on the perceived health and attractiveness of sleep-deprived people BMJ 2010; 341 :c6614 doi:10.1136/bmj.c6614 Cornell, D. (2023, September 20). 21 naturalistic observation examples . Helpful Professor. https://helpfulprofessor.com/naturalistic-observation-examples/ Gaille, L. (2019, December 16). 16 advantages and disadvantages of experimental research . Vittana.org. https://vittana.org/16-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-experimental-research Guy-Evans, O., Mcleod, S., on, U., & 31, J. (2023, July 31). Experimental design: Types, examples & methods . Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-designs.html Mcleod, S. (2023, July 31). Observation method in psychology: Naturalistic, participant, and controlled . Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/observation.html#Naturalistic-Observation

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