Theorist Cheat Sheet

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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210

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Biography Albert Bandura is a Canadian American psychologist. He was born on December 4, 1925, in Mundare, Canada. He was the youngest and only son of six children. His parents encouraged him to expand his horizons. He attended University of British Columbia in Vancouver for biological sciences. Bandura had an accidental entrance into the world of psychology. He received his Master’s degree in 1951 and his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Iowa in 1952. He continued to teach and research at Stanford University in 1953 . He died in 2021. Theory/Contribution According to Bandura, self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed which impacts psychological states, behavior, and motivation. The concept of self-efficacy is central to Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory , which emphasizes the role of observational learning , social experience, and reciprocal determinism in terms of personality development. Bandura agreed with behaviorists’ concepts of (classical & operant) conditioning but contributed environmental and cognitive factors as a determinant of learning and behavior. With his empirical research, he introduced the social learning theory, which postulates that behavior is learned from the environment through observation, imitating, and modeling others. New skills and values are acquired from replicating the actions and from receiving reinforcement based on observed behaviors. Individuals can then acquire new skills and values from replicating the actions and from receiving reinforcement based on observed behaviors. 4 primary factors occur in order for learning to occur; Attention or observing our surroundings; retaining the information; reproducing or imitating, and motivation to keep the behavior going. The Bobo doll experiment involved researchers verbally and physically abusing an inflatable clown face in front of preschool-age children, and the children later mimicked the parents' behavior by also attacking the doll. Bobo doll In 1961 tested out this theory. Bobo Doll Experiment - famous study involved researchers verbally and physically abusing an inflatable clown faced toy in front of preschool-age children. The children later mimicked the parents' behavior by also attacking the doll. Strengths: Contributes to the understanding of child psychology and behavior. Self-efficacy is essential to one's personal attitudes, abilities, & cognitive skills. Explains complex behavior by acknowledging cognitive factors and the role they play. Insight on impact of internal, external, internal, positive, and negative reinforcements. Weaknesses: Low behavior predictability/ecological validity due to variety of models and reinforcements in a person’s real-life environment. The subjects were limited to preschool children. The study did not measure behaviors over time. It can be argued that this study was unethical, as the children could have suffered trauma of psychological responses from this.

Applications Bandura renamed the social learning theory to the social cognitive theory in 1986. To account for cognitive functions necessary for learning. Provided understanding of self-efficacy as it plays a role in mental states, behaviors, and motivation. The cognitive theory can be used by social workers to explain how a child can develop various problematic behaviors when surrounded by social models that exhibited problematic behaviors. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a leading method to assist client with identifying and unlearning destructive patterns. References Albert Bandura [Digital Image]. 2006. Retrieved from https://albertbandura.com/albert-bandura- biography.html Bandura Bobo Doll Experiment [Digital Image]. Retrieved from https://j.gifs.com/VOOXN5.gif Hollis, L. (2019). Lessons from Bandura’s Bobo doll experiments: Leadership’s deliberate indifference exacerbates workplace bullying in higher education. Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education , 4 , 85–102. https://doi.org/10.28945/4426 Lindzey, G., & Runyan, W. M. (2007). A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. IX). American Psychological Association. Pajares, F. (2004). Albert Bandura: Biographical sketch.

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