Lab 8 Part A

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Dec 6, 2023

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Patricia Veit Research Methods in Psychology Professor Thernell Lab 8 Part A 1. Using each of the following Methodological Design for the 10 participants. Explain how you would use each design. Make sure you expand on how you would test. Pretest-Posttest Design: Before tasting the coffee, participants would be asked to rate their own personal preference for coffee on a 1-7 scale. After this, participants would taste the four brands of coffee and rate each on the same 1-7 scale. At last, they would be asked to rate their preference again. By comparing the pre and post scale ratings, it can be determined whether or not there was a significant change in preference for any of the brands. Longitudinal Design: Participants would be asked to taste all four brands at three different time points, such as once a week for three weeks. At each point they would rate the quality of taste for each brand. Comparing the scale ratings across time, it can be determined if there are any differences in the quality of taste of the coffee brands. Repeated-Measure Design: Participants would be asked to taste all four brands of coffee and rate each on the 1-7 scale. This would be repeated multiple times like once a day for a week, so each participant had multiple ratings for each coffee. This design allows for within- subject comparisons and can detect small differences in quality of taste. 2. Identify the independent variable. Brand of coffee 3. Identify the levels of each independent variable. Maxwell House, Folgers, Starbucks, Duckin Donuts

4. Identify the dependent variables. 7- point Quality of taste scale 5. What may be the potential internal threats to this study and why might they be a threat? Selection bias could occur if the participants are not representative of the population being studied. Order effects could occur if the order in which the participants taste the coffee brands affects their ratings. Placebo effect could occur if participants’ expectations about the brands of coffee influence their ratings. 6. Using the order effects and potential solutions with this scenario. Practice Effect: Participants may becomes better at rating coffee over time, which could affect their ratings. To lower the risk of this, the order in which brands are presented could be counterbalanced. Fatigue Effect: Tasting four different types could be tiring, which could affect the ratings. To minimize the risk, the participants could be given a short break between tasting the different coffee brands. Carryover Effect: Taste of one coffee could linger and affect the ratings of the next coffee brand. To lower the risk, participants could be given water and a saltine cracker to clean their palate between tasting each brand of coffee. Sensational Effect: Participants could be influences by factors such as packaging or advertising that are associated with the different coffees. To lower the risk, the brands could be presented in identical cups and without any logos or packaging. 7. What ethical considerations do you need to keep in mind? Obtaining informed consent from participants, ensuring the privacy of the participants and confidentiality of, lowering any potential risks or discomfort, and debriefing the participants at the end.

8. Find the mean for ALL 4 coffee brand. Dunkin Donuts- 4.20, Folgers- 6.20, Starbucks- 2.30, Maxwell House- 5.00 9. How does the mean support the hypothesis . The mean of all four coffee brands is different, such as the mean rating for the Folgers brand is significantly higher than the mean rating for the Starbucks brand. This leads to the conclusion that Folgers tastes better then Starbucks according to the ratings provided by the 10 participants. This conclusion supports the hypothesis that different coffee brands differ in taste quality.

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