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Should Parents Limit Kid’s Screen Time? Ashley James-Roundtree Thomas Edison State University ENC-1020-OL011 David Makhanlall February 6 th 2024

Annotated Bibliography Qu, G., Hu, W., Meng, J., Wang, X., Su, W., Liu, H., Ma, S., Sun, C., Huang, C., Lowe, S., & Sun, Y. (2023). Association between screen time and developmental and behavioral problems among children in the United States: evidence from 2018 to 2020 NSCH. Journal of Psychiatric Research , 161 , 140–149. https://doi-org.fir.tesu.edu/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.014 This study examines the link between excessive digital media use and developmental and behavioral problems in children in the US. Data from the 2018 to 2020 National Survey of Children's Health was analyzed, revealing that 70.3% of preschoolers aged 0-5 and 80.2% of children and adolescents aged 6-17 had excessive screen time. The study found that excessive screen time was positively associated with behavioral and conduct problems, developmental delay, speech disorder, learning disability, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and ADHD. Boys with excessive screen time had high odds of most developmental and behavioral problems. The study concludes that early intervention of digital media use is urgently needed for children in the US. After doing further research on the data provided from the article, I found that this is a credible source that I can use for future papers. A quick google search confirmed that the national survey was factual. I plan on using this source to show my audience credible studies for my chosen topic. The overall point of this study is to investigate the correlation between excessive digital media usage and developmental and behavioral issues in US children.

Illinois, A. (2023, Feb 13). How much screen time is too much for your kids? Daily Herald https://fir.tesu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/how-much-screen- time-is-too-your-kids/docview/2775635175/se-2 This article talks about how screen time should be limited to appropriate times and places for all ages, according to Dr. Christina Benedict, pediatric hospitalist with Ascension Women’s and Children’s Hospital Hoffman Estates. This article claims screens should be kept out of children’s bedrooms and out of reach during meal times and bedtime. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children under 18 months should not be allowed screen time, except for video chatting with distant loved ones. Children aged 18 to 24 months can be introduced to screens through educational programming. Children aged 2 to 5 should be limited to one hour of screen time daily, with the age of 6 and older being limited by time and device type. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy has also argued that the typical age limit of 13 imposed by social media platforms is too young for a child’s developing brain. After doing further research on the data provided from the article, I found that this is a credible source that I can use for future papers. The American Academy of Pediatrics site confirmed the information in this article to be true. I plan on using this source in my papers to show recommendations on children’s screen time. The overall point of this article is to inform the reader of the possible dangers screen time can do to children’s developing brains. Rosenberg, D., & Szura, N. (2023, Oct 23). How much time do kids spend on devices – playing games, watching videos, texting and using the phone? The Conversation : Science +

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Technology https://fir.tesu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/how-much- time-do-kids-spend-on-devices-playing/docview/2880548099/se-2 This article talks about how teens spend an average of 8½ hours on screens per day, with tweens spending 5½ hours daily. This is not including time spent on schoolwork or homework. Many teens spend most of their time on the phone in their bedroom, feeling lonely and distressed. The rise in digital media usage has led to a rise in screen addiction, with 95% of teens having smartphones in 2022. Many teens spend over 40 hours per week on screens, and some, up to 80 hours. After doing further research on the data provided from the article, I found that this is a credible source that I can use for future papers. It took me a bit longer to do research on the information this article provided, but everything came back as factual. I plan on using this source to show my audience credible facts for my chosen topic. I’ll also use this source to show my audience the average amount of hours teens spend on their screens. The overall point of this study is to inform readers of teens/tweens usage of screen time. irez. (2020). Should you be worried about your screen time? What about your children’s screen time? . Newstex. This article talks about excessive screen time, particularly passive viewing of television, which can interfere with children's healthy development by reducing physical activity, social interaction, and sleep. The American Academy of Pediatricians recommends limiting screen time to one hour a day for children aged 2 to 5. Active screen time is better than passive screen time, and young children benefit more if their parents engage with them during screen time and the

content encourages age-appropriate learning. Getting a good night's sleep is crucial for mental and physical health, and all screens emit blue light, which can cause disruptive sleep. Background television exposure can also have detrimental effects on children, and parents' use of mobile devices may impact their ability to parent effectively. After doing further research on the data provided from the article, I found that this is a credible source that I can use for future papers. The research I did on this article came back as factual. I plan on using this source to show my audience the effects of what passive/excessive screen time can do to a young mind. I’ll also use this source to educate my audience on the difference between active and passive screen time. The overall point of this study is to inform readers of the different effects of passive/active/excessive screen time. Anne Saker, & , C. E. (2019, Nov 04). Too much screen time changes children's brains, study finds. USA Today (Online) https://fir.tesu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/too-much-screen-time- changes-childrens-brains/docview/2311754459/se-2 A study at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center has found that young children who receive more screen time than doctors recommend have differences in brain parts that support language and self-regulation. The study involved 47 healthy children aged 3 to 5 and used magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive testing. While the study did not determine how screen time changed the brains, it did show that skills such as brain processing speed were affected. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting screen time to an hour a day for children aged 2 to 5, and parents should designate media-free times and locations at

home. The study found that higher scores on the screening tool were significantly associated with lower expressive language, processing speed, early reading skills, lower brain white matter integrity, and myelination in tracts involving language executive function and other literacy skills. The findings warrant further study to understand the effects of screen time on the brain and set appropriate limits on technology use. After doing further research on the data provided from the article, I found that this is a credible source that I can use for future papers. The research I did on this article came back as factual. I plan on using this source to inform my audience of the possible brain damage that can occur with excessive screen time. The overall point of this study is to inform readers of the different effects screen time could have on young children’s (ages 2-5) brain.

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