Transactional analysis

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University of West Alabama *

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546

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Transactional analysis, otherwise known as TA, is a psychological method and theory of therapy created by Eric Berne in the 1950s. TA examines social interaction to comprehend the ego state of the communicator. It aims to stimulate growth and personal change by digging into how personality is shaped by experience, primarily childhood experience. TA uses conceptual tools, techniques, models, and questions to help people reach their fullest potential in all areas of life. Berne got his provocation from Sigmund Freud's theories of personality, incorporating them with his observation of human interaction to develop and create TA. Transactions of TA concentrate on communication interactions between people. During these conversations, one individual gives a "transaction stimulus," and the other response. Examining these transactions helps us understand psychological processes connected to personality and relationship dynamics. The human personality comprises three "ego states": Parent, Adult, and Child. These states influence our interactions with others. TA aims to change the "life script." "Dysfunctional behavior is often the result of self-limiting decisions made during childhood." TA presents myriad concepts. These mental maps help enhance communication skills and lead to a more self- determined life. Eric Berne was born in 1910 and passed in 1970. Contemporary TA practitioners have taken various directions, modifying many of the fundamental concepts that Eric Berne initially formulated. Berne's approach was expanded by Mary and Robert Goulding, leaders in the redecisional school of TA. The Gouldings had a different approach from Berne in several ways. They have combined Transactional Analysis (TA) with Gestalt therapy, family therapy, psychodrama, and behavior therapy principles and techniques. The team leader's primary focus is to maintain the group's structure. They are responsible for conveying the expectations to the group members, explaining the rewards of performing tasks well and the consequences of failure, and providing feedback designed to keep the members on task. A TA therapist is a consultant, with the group leader facilitating members in achieving their contracts. In redecision therapy, the group leader's role is to establish a supportive environment where individuals can discover on their own how the negative patterns they engage in are perpetuating chronic negative emotions. Furthermore, they learn how they hold onto these emotions to reinforce their life script and early decisions. One of the responsibilities of a TA facilitator is to encourage group members to explore and experiment with more effective ways of behaving. The leader's role is to provide members with the necessary tools for change. The group leader's style in a TA group tends to promote individual work within a group setting rather than facilitating free interaction among the group members. A group leader who dominates the conversation may thwart members from taking the necessary steps for change, even though they assume an active role and central position in the group. TA Therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that examines individual interactions and communication prints. This form of therapy is based on the theory that every person has three ego states: Parent, Adult, and Child; these states influence how they relate to others and themselves. TA Therapy utilizes several primary techniques, including:  Role-playing is a technique for practicing new communication strategies, investigating different outlooks and scenarios, and modifying reactions accordingly.  Dream analysis: This technique helps individuals decrypt their dreams to expose hidden meanings and messages and apply them to their lives.

 Questioning : This technique allows individuals to define their thoughts, feelings, and actions while oppugning their assumptions and beliefs.  Analysis : This technique helps individuals identify their transactions and games with others and understand the motives and consequences of their actions. These techniques aim to assist individuals in increasing their awareness, authenticity, and autonomy and to transform negative or limiting life scripts. Even young children can easily understand the basic ideas in TA groups. Children in the early grades can understand that acting-out children are seeking attention. (Such as strokes) TA concepts and techniques can be involved in guidance classes with students aged 5 to 17 or in group counseling sessions.TA provides a structured method for children and adolescents to communicate what they learned in their family to their attitudes toward others. The primary objective of a TA group that constitutes students is to help them better understand themselves and regain control over their thoughts, feelings, and actions. By molding this self-awareness, children and adolescents can learn to make changes within themselves and their interactions. Using contracts in a TA group can benefit multicultural contexts by preventing therapists from levying their cultural values on group members.. Having a contract in a group increases the probability of members feeling empowered as it needs them to identify specific problem areas they want to discuss within the group. Leaders should remember that some members may find the terminology unfamiliar when working with a diverse group. This chapter taught me about transactional analysis theory, and I gained a more in-depth understanding. I learned of the three different states of being. I also learned that TA can improve relationships and individual life satisfaction and decrease conflict. I have one question: which techniques would be considered the best for male children aged 5 and 10? Besides the listed benefits, what are the pros and cons of TA therapy? I would implement the dream analysis when using this approach.

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