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1 Philosophical Assumptions Henesis Castillo School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Capella University PSY5260 Philosophical Foundations of Behaviorism Danielle Bratton 02/04/2024

2 Philosophical Assumptions Philosophical assumptions are selectionism, determinism, empiricism, parsimony, pragmatism determinism. These philosophical assumptions are a collective guide that helps the development of ABA theories and interventions. These Philosophical assumptions contribute to its status as a systematic and evidence-based approach to understanding and influencing behavior. Philosophical Assumptions Grid Philosophical Assumption Definition and Importance to Scientific Inquiry Example Selectionism Selectionism is that life forms naturally and evolves through history. This happens at all levels, from individual level to species level. Selectionism's importance to science is that Behavior Scientists have to analyze the environment of living organisms and species. The laws of behavior have levels that go beyond discrete occurrences of behaviors. A marathon runner can run for hours at a time without showing any signs of distress or harm to their health. This is because the person-shaped over their lifetime. This is how Environmental variables related to the exercise behaviors help the person get in shape over their lifetime. Determinism Determinism Is the assumption that events that occur in the universe do not happen “out of the blue.” Instead, they occur in a predictable and orderly manner. Determinism plays an important dual role in the scientific practice.( Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. 2019,p.4) scientist first assumes lawfulness and then proceeds to look for lawful relations. An RBT working with a client observes that the client is engaging in SIBS out of nowhere; the RBT seeks support from her BCBA as SIBS don’t come out of nowhere. The BCBA creates an assessment to help determine what could be causing the Self-injurious behavior. Empiricism Empiricism is the objective observation of phenomena and interest in events. Empiricism is important BCBA conducted a behavior training session for parents whose child engages in SIB. The parents want to know if

3 because scientists draw upon demonstrable phenomena rather than personal opinions. Essentially, empiricism states that knowledge comes from experimentation and experience . they can do anything to stop the SIB. The BCBA says she will create a treatment plan with her knowledge of empiricism. Experimentation Experimentation is the manipulation of an independent variable to see how it effects the dependent variable to demonstrate a functional relation. Experimentation is important because experimentation is the principal strategy behind scientific inquiry. Manipulation of variables help explore the relationships between them. A BCBA and RBT are working together to create experiment to observes behavioral events in clients. Replication Replication is repeating experiments to determine the reliability of effects and usefulness of its findings. Replication is the main method that scientist uses to determine the reliability of their findings and identify as many mistakes as possible. A BCBA and her coworkers repeat the experiment and the reliability of the findings Parsimony Parsimony is ruling out simple and logical explanations before considering a more abstract explanation. Parsimony helps us guide our decision-making processes in a logical and orderly manner. It helps us to identify reasonable explanations and solutions to the phenomena of interest. BCBA is observing the client and Their family ruling out abstract explanations and finding that are necessary in the client’s behaviors. Philosophic Doubt Philosophic doubt is an attitude that all scientific A group of BCBA’s come together for a meeting they

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4 theories and knowledge should be constantly questioned. It is important because Scientists and practitioners need to continually adopt a critical eye when evaluating treatment claims, research results, and so forth. were questioning truthfulness of what is regarded as a fact.

5 Reference Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2019). Applied Behavior Analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson Education (US

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