Communicating Psychologoy

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University of British Columbia *

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Communicating Psychology Academic Integrity (3 pts) 1. Collusion: One way in which academic integrity applies to this assignment is through collusion. In psychology, collusion can be defined as two or more students collaborating on an assignment, in which only one of the students submits the cohesively done work. Collusion is relevant to this assignment because it's an individual task not to be worked on with other individuals; which would otherwise result in academic misconduct. 2. Plagiarism: Another way in which academic integrity applies to this assignment is through plagiarism. Which is the act of using someone else’s work or ideas and using/submitting them as if they were one’s own work or ideas. In relation to this assignment, plagiarism can result in academic misconduct such as zero credit for the written work. 3. Cheating: An additional means of following academic integrity is through cheating. Which can be defined as unfairly and dishonestly making one's way through a game or test for their own advantage. Cheating is relevant to this assignment as if it is conducted, then one can be suspected of academic misconduct, which can potentially result in a mark of zero. Upload (1 pt) Primary source article chosen for this assignment: Giving leads to happiness in young children ( https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0039211&type=printable ). Download (2 pts) To download this article for free, I started by googling ‘UBC library’ into my search engine and clicked on the first link. Afterwards, I searched ‘Giving leads to happiness in young children’ under the general tab, clicked on the search button, and clicked on the first result that loaded. From here, I was redirected to the National Library of Medicine’s website, and clicked on ‘PDF (693K)’ to download the article, found under ‘other formats’ to the right of the page. Reference (2 pts) Aknin, L. B., Hamlin, J. K., & Dunn, E. W. (2012). Giving leads to happiness in young children . PloS one, 7(6) , e39211. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039211 Authors (3 pts) The authors in this study are as follows: - Lara B. Aknin is an associate professor, area coordinator and social psychologist. She is a distinguished university professor at Simon Fraser University in the department of psychology.

- J. Kiley Hamlin is a developmental psychologist who is professor at the University of British Columbia, in the department of Psychology. - Dr. Elizabeth W Dunn is a professor at the University of British Columbia, in the department of Psychology. Choice (2 pts) I chose this journal article because I enjoy any research that pertains to young children, especially the happiness of young children; as I have several young relatives in my family. I hoped to learn about any long term benefits for a young child's overall happiness and demeanor. Introduction (2 pts) The structure of the introduction in this article provides plenty of background information before introducing the hypothesis. The authors begin the introduction with research on the overall topic of the study. For instance, the authors provide several accounts of research as to what can lead to happiness for young children. Then they slowly flow into specific research pertaining to the purpose of the study. In the introduction, one child giving or being kind to another was mentioned as a means of happiness for the giving/being kind child. Once all aspects of the hypothesis had been defined and fully explained, the authors stated what they were looking for. Number of Studies (1 pt) One Type of Study (2 pts) The study uses an experimental design, in which the relationship between two variables was examined. This is evident through the use of independent variables to determine the happiness of young children. There are five different independent variables used in this study, which each demonstrate a different level of happiness for young children (dependent variable). Variables (4 pts) a. The independent variable in this study is the different phases of engagement with a puppet that a young child encounters. b. There are five different levels of the independent variable in this study labeled from (a) to (e). Once in the testing phase, each of the young children endured the following levels: (a) meeting the puppet, (b) receiving 8 treats, (c) watching an experimenter give a “found” treat to puppet (d) child asked to give puppet “found” treat (e) child gives his/hers treat to puppet (Akin et al., 2012) c. The dependent variable in this study is the rated level of happiness each young child displays after enduring each phase of engagement with the puppet. d. In this study, the authors operationally define the dependent variable as whether or not young children who are less than two years old, express higher levels of happiness when giving treats or receiving treats.

Important Finding (2 pts) The most important finding from this study is the fact that young children under two years of age are found to be much happier when giving treats to others, rather than when they receive treats from others. Discussion (2 pts) A strength in this study includes operationally defining the independent variable such that the five different phases from (a) to (e) did not get confused with one another. Having so many phases in one study can be complicated, however the researchers did a great job in noting each of these phases and determining a child's happiness level at each. A limitation in this study includes the generalizability to the greater population, as only twenty toddlers (11 boys and 9 girls) were used. Such that another study with a larger sample size of randomly selected children would support the result. With this further research could also be conducted to see if there were different effects between the young boys and girls. Take Home Message (5 pts) The most important lesson to be learned from this research is the important role that socialization has on the prosocial behaviors we act. The young children giving their treats away shows their inner happiness of wanting to fulfill some else. These children showed that they were much happier when helping someone else. We can apply these findings to the real world in terms of rewards and rewarding others. This ‘want’ to reward others isn't based on how we want the other to feel, but rather, us individuals feeling much happier on a socialization scale after giving to others. I have learnt that giving to others is beneficial and leaves not only me but also those around me on a positive note. Reflection (2 pts) I have learnt several things from completing this assignment, however, I believe researching about the different forms of academic misconduct resonated with me the most. I have never done my own research on collusion, plagiarism and cheating, however, what I have learnt has taught me the significance of ethical conduct. Especially in relation to our group projects, such that we must not perform collusion, and also fairly work on our group project as a whole. Metacognition (1 pt) 29/34

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