Trauma-Informed Assessment

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1 Trauma-Informed Assessment Leah Jackson Indiana Wesleyan University – Master of Social Work Dr. Rebecca Shue

2 Trauma-Informed Assessment I can incorporate trauma-informed care techniques into my practice by choosing techniques that are confirmed by researched evidence. Assuming that every individual has experienced trauma, we shouldn't place clients in a position to give more information about their experiences. To help a client feel more comfortable meeting with a therapist, asking open-ended questions to collect information from a client instead of closed-ended ones I believe would be helpful to the client. The therapist must prepare to speak with the client by reassuring them that they have ownership of their physical well-being. A therapist should try to identify any potential triggers the client may have. Some examples of triggers that the client could experience can include increased heart rate, sweating, trembling, dizziness, and flashbacks. According to trauma theory, individuals who experience trauma, such as abuse or neglect as a child, can show symptoms like anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. “When caregivers are emotionally absent, inconsistent, frustrating, violent, intrusive, or neglectful, children are likely to become intolerably distressed and unlikely to develop a sense that the external environment is able to provide relief. Thus, children with insecure attachment patterns have trouble relying on others to help them and are unable to regulate their emotional states by themselves. As a result, they experience excessive anxiety, anger, and longings to be taken care of. These feelings may become so extreme as to precipitate dissociative states or self-defeating aggression. “Spaced out” and hyperaroused children learn to ignore either what they feel (their emotions), or what they perceive (their cognitions)” (van der Kolk, 2005). The diverse and/or marginalized/oppressed clients the practicum agency serves should be considered in a trauma-informed assessment, which should also be culturally aware of their specific experiences. “Historically, when someone has experienced trauma that has a lasting impact, they have been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)” (F. 2016). A therapist should utilize therapeutic communication when

3 supporting a client who has experienced trauma. The therapist should keep a calm tone of voice while waiting sometimes to respond to the client's questions. A therapist can help make a client feel more comfortable by establishing an atmosphere where the client feels able to make choices about their care while a positive rapport is made between the therapist and the client. I believe integrating the trauma theory into the assessment would allow a therapist to develop a greater understanding of the client's experiences and provide specific treatments or interventions that think about the effect of trauma on the client in question. A trauma-informed assessment may be able to avoid using any language that could bring back hurtful memories and instead ask non-threatening questions. A therapist must understand trauma-informed care techniques. “ Becoming “trauma-informed” means recognizing that people often have many different types of trauma in their lives. Trauma Informed Care is an organizational structure and treatment framework that involves understanding, recognizing, and responding to the effects of all types of trauma. Trauma Informed Care also emphasizes physical, psychological and emotional safety for both consumers and providers, and helps survivors rebuild a sense of control and empowerment. People who have been traumatized need support and understanding from those around them. Often, trauma survivors can be re-traumatized by well-meaning caregivers and community service providers. Trauma Informed Care is an organizational structure and treatment framework that involves understanding, recognizing, and responding to the effects of all types of trauma. Trauma Informed Care also emphasizes physical, psychological and emotional safety for both consumers and providers, and helps survivors rebuild a sense of control and empowerment” (Trauma Informed Care. 2016). Applying the application of trauma theory to assessment aligns with the NASW Code of Ethics by encouraging the principles of social work. A trauma-informed approach to assessment

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4 is consistent with the NASW Code of Ethics because it supports the basic principles of social work, which include the importance of upholding client's autonomy and advancing the well- being of clients. The NASW places a significant value on the application of ethical principles and cultural competence in social work practice, which are in line with an assessment approach that is trauma-informed. While working with various clients, therapists can improve their ability to know their personal biases and values by applying trauma theory and doing trauma-informed assessment. While working with various clients, therapists can improve their ability to know their personal biases and values by applying trauma theory and doing a trauma-informed assessment. A trauma-informed approach places an emphasis on cultural sensitivity and the importance of avoiding re-traumatizing a client. Therapists can find it less difficult to acknowledge what their own prejudices are and avoid accidentally creating harmful stereotypes. Therapists could develop a better compassionate approach to their clients by recognizing the impact of trauma on the lives of diverse and marginalized/oppressed clients.

5 References CDC: Adverse Childhood Experiences. (n.d.). https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/. F. (2016). Complex Trauma: Understanding and Treatment - Diane Langberg. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otxAuHG9hKo Trauma Informed Care. (n.d.). http://www.traumainformedcareproject.org/ Van der Kolk, B. A. (2005, May). Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric Annals , 35 (5), 401–408. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20050501-06

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