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Ending Veteran Suicide in America: A Humanistic Approach 1 Ending Veteran Suicide in America: A Humanistic Approach Tiffany Shotwell Capella University PSY 7115 Dr. Vincent Jeevar 11 February 2024

Ending Veteran Suicide in America: A Humanistic Approach 2 Introduction Military veteran suicide in America has become a problem of endemic proportions. Studies have demonstrated that military veterans commit suicide at a rate that is significantly higher than that of their civilian counterparts (Morral et al., 2023). While much research has been conducted to identify the increased frequency of suicidality among military veterans, there are gaps in the knowledge surrounding this subject. To close the knowledge gap, an Industrial Organizational approach is beneficial. This perspective encourages the examination of the Veterans Health Administration from an organizational paradigm to affect change for employees and veterans simultaneously. Data to support the fact that veteran suicidality rates are significantly higher than non-veteran is exhaustive. However, the knowledge base must be expanded to understand risk factors more clearly, address gaps in current organizational response, and identify possible resources currently under-utilized in the community. This type of knowledge will call for more qualitative studies, in a space where quantitative data was previously the dominant method of observation. Industrial Organizational Psychology and the Humanistic school of thought will intertwine to help collect the essential qualitative data. School of Thought Suicidality and risks for self-harm are inherently individualized markers. To create a scale for understanding and predicting risk, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented a standardized suicide assessment tool (Kessler et al., 2017). This tool was created in the hopes of identifying at-risk veterans before the veteran could harm themselves. However, the tool is not administered to all veterans regularly, and therefore only assesses veterans who have already been identified as at risk (Kessler et al., 2017). Additional research demonstrated that veterans

Ending Veteran Suicide in America: A Humanistic Approach 3 are often experiencing suicidal ideation, even if not diagnosed with any mental condition or defect, or have shown any historical signs of suicidality. This realization led to an understanding that more must be done to create individualized safety plans for veterans (Knapp, 2023). It is becoming clear that an en masse approach to ending veteran suicide will be ineffective, and a more Humanistic paradigm is key to resolving this issue. Questions that Still Need Answers Existing research has answered some of the foundational questions required to address veteran suicide. Studies have been conducted to examine the propensity for suicidality as well as the social determinants for suicidal ideation and attempts among veterans (Blosnich et al., 2020). The current knowledge base has answered the question of whether veterans are at higher risk for suicide as well as some of the factors that make them more prone to ideation. This knowledge, although expansive, has not effectively impacted the current issue of suicidality. As such, the solution most certainly needs to focus on aspects of the individual experience to form an organizational response. Questions such as how to best support a veteran, how to encourage families, and how to prevent VHA employee burnout are essential to the solution sought here. A humanistic approach would identify untapped resources and create tailored safety plans for the veteran that incorporate informed and supportive social structures outside of the VHA. As increased financial and social resources are being dedicated to increasing organizational awareness of risk for self-injurious behaviors, it is necessary to examine the importance of incorporating family and community into the response plan. Research demonstrates that standardized assessments offering quantitative data are limited, as they do not include any information regarding the significance of family and community support. This is despite data

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Ending Veteran Suicide in America: A Humanistic Approach 4 demonstrating that veterans who have more support outside of the organization were less likely to experience suicidal ideation and engage in self-injurious action. Humanism inherently seeks that qualitative answer. Veterans' families and loved ones have been shown to have a substantial impact on their degree of suicide ideation and actions, even if psychoeducation should and will always be given to VHA employees and military medical personnel (Lynch et al., 2020). Giving families psychoeducation could help anticipate and avoid veteran suicidality in the future, particularly if the families are informed about topics like suicide risk factors and health determinants. Examinations of family dynamics and the stress associated with providing support to a suicidal individual should be part of this research as well to determine best practices for supporting families of veterans. The viability and effectiveness of large-scale group initiatives that provide education for lethal means conversations and other suicidality education should be investigated. Conclusion Although it is not a new concept that veteran suicide is a massive problem in the United States, current knowledge is limited because it has focused on questions such as how many veterans are committing suicide, how that compares to other populations, and what kind of testing could be done to determine risk. However, too little of the current knowledge asks why the rates are so high, even when compared with first responders and police officers (Morral et al., 2023). This is important to answer, as well as gain a more individualized insight into each suicidal veteran to understand their unique capacity for the implementation of protective factors. Humanism, is the school of thought for providing active care, rather than blanketed solutions

Ending Veteran Suicide in America: A Humanistic Approach 5 (Geller, 2021) and is perfectly suited for aligning with IO psychology to address veteran suicidality in the United States. References Blosnich, J. R., Montgomery, A. E., Dichter, M. E., Gordon, A. J., Kavalieratos, D., Taylor, L., Ketterer, B., & Bossarte, R. M. (2020). Social determinants and military veterans’ suicide ideation and attempt: A cross-sectional analysis of electronic health record data. Journal of General Internal Medicine: JGIM, 35(6), 1759-1767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606- 019-05447-z Geller, E. S. (2021). The actively caring for people movement: A synergistic integration of behaviorism, humanism, and positive psychology. Behavior and Social Issues, 30(1), 566-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-021-00072-0 Kessler, R. C., Hwang, I., Hoffmire, C. A., McCarthy, J. F., Petukhova, M. V., Rosellini, A. J., Sampson, N. A., Schneider, A. L., Bradley, P. A., Katz, I. R., Thompson, C., & Bossarte, R. M. (2017). Developing a practical suicide risk prediction model for targeting high-risk patients in the Veterans Health Administration. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 26(3), e1575. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1575 Knapp, S. (2023). The essentials of creating effective safety planning-type interventions for suicidal patients. Practice Innovations , 8(2), 131–140. https://doi-org.library.capella.edu Lynch, K. E., Gatsby, E., Viernes, B., Schliep, K. C., Whitcomb, B. W., Alba, P. R., DuVall, S. L., & Blosnich, J. R. (2020). Evaluation of suicide mortality among sexual minority US veterans from 2000 to 2017. JAMA Network Open , 3(12), e2031357-e2031357. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31357

Ending Veteran Suicide in America: A Humanistic Approach 6 Morral, A. R., Schell, T. L., & Smart, R. (2023). Comparison of suicide rates among US veteran and nonveteran populations. JAMA Network Open , 6(7), e2324191-e2324191. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24191

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