The Effects of Divorced Parents on Children_Annotated Bibliography.edited

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1 The Effects of Divorced Parents on Children Student’s Name Instructor’s Name Institution Affiliation Course Name & Code Due Date

2 Annotated Bibliography Van Dijk, R., Van Der Valk, I. E., Deković, M., & Branje, S. (2020). A meta-analysis on interparental conflict, parenting, and child adjustment in divorced families: Examining mediation using meta-analytic structural equation models. Clinical Psychology Review , 79 , 101861. This meta-analysis, conducted by Van Dijk et al. (2020), examined the impact of interparental conflict and parenting behaviors on child adjustment in divorced families. The authors gathered 115 studies assisted by 24,854 participants from October 2019 for data analyses. Results showed that parenting dimensions served as mediators between post-divorce interparental conflict and children's adjustment issues. They also suggested a stronger presence of negative rather than positive parenting behavior, with role diffusion particularly being high- risk in this context. This article relates to the topic for its quantitatively based assessment addressing how family dynamics are affected after a divorce occurs. Although the study successfully provided an overview of how post-divorce conflicts lead to familial repercussions such as parental aggression or role confusion, its cross-sectional nature limits further investigation into the long-term implications of divorce on family relationships. Mortelmans, D. (2020). Economic consequences of divorce: A review. Parental life courses after separation and divorce in Europe , 23-41. This article by Mortelmans (2020) overviews the economic consequences of divorce using literature from the social sciences. The central finding of this review is that women are more likely to suffer financially than men because they lose economies of scale from breaking up a relationship. This has direct implications for their physical and emotional health since they may be more vulnerable to loneliness, depression, or financial struggle after suffering from a breakup.

3 Moreover, as Amato and Keith (1991) have already pointed out, children can also be affected if their parents undergo separation or divorce. The article uses mostly reviews and themes from prior studies, though with an interdisciplinary focus encompassing economics coupled with human experience, which provides clarity into how money problems arise during breakups due to losses in personal lives such as family members and friends. More depth could have been included into how much childcare support was provided by the father post-divorce and how it varies from country to country or culture to culture. Schaan, V. K., Schulz, A., Schächinger, H., & Vögele, C. (2019). Parental divorce is associated with an increased risk of developing mental disorders in women. Journal of Affective Disorders , 257 , 91-99. Parental divorce has long been associated with reduced well-being among young adults. In the study by Schaan et al. (2019), 121 women aged 23 were asked to complete a structured clinical interview and questionnaires assessing parental care, social connectedness, chronic stress, childhood trauma, and depression. Results showed that those from divorced families had a higher risk for Axis I mental disorders than those from non-divorced families. Further analysis showed that participants from divorced families reported more depression, loneliness, childhood trauma, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, chronic stress, and less parental care compared to non-divorced families. This suggests that parental divorce is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing mental health problems later in life among women. However, due to the cross-sectional study design of this study, causality remains speculative. It is thus important to further explore other possible factors linked to increased risk of mental health issues in later life related to parental divorce, such as the age at which the parental separation occurred or family environmental or genetic risk factors.

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4 Lebow, J. L. (2020). The challenges of COVID‐19 for divorcing and post‐divorce families. Family Process , 59 (3), 967-973. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on divorced, divorcing, and post-divorce families have been an area of interest for clinicians. Dr. Lebow's paper explores this issue in depth. He looks at how the sudden changes forced by the coronavirus have affected these particular family structures regarding parenting arrangements, visitation schedules, court dates, and more. In addition, Lebow offers recommendations for couple and family therapists dealing with these family dynamics during this challenging time. Specifically, he focuses on tailoring therapies to fit each unique situation and being flexible within those boundaries. This article is a valuable resource for those looking to better understand the challenges facing divorced or divorcing families during COVID-19 and advice for helping them through it successfully. Auersperg, F., Vlasak, T., Ponocny, I., & Barth, A. (2019). Long-term effects of parental divorce on mental health–A meta-analysis. Journal of psychiatric research , 119 , 107-115. This meta-analysis by Auersperg et al. (2019) aimed to understand the long-term effects of parental divorce on mental health and addiction. After sifting through 54 studies across five databases, 117 effect sizes from 506,299 participants were examined. It was found that there is a strong association between parental divorces and depression, anxiety, suicide ideation and attempts, distress, alcohol use, smoking behavior, and drug dependence in the offspring. The results also showed a significant downward trend in these effects from 1990-2017, which could be attributed to changing cultural attitudes towards divorce. The findings of this study have important implications for those affected by divorced families in terms of resilience promotion programs for adults and children alike who have been affected by their parent's breakup. In addition to providing support in times of stress due to potential depression or other mental health

5 issues caused by parental divorce, further research should also focus on finding appropriate measures to prevent such consequences if possible. D'Onofrio, B., & Emery, R. (2019). Parental divorce or separation and children's mental health. World Psychiatry , 18 (1), 100. In this 2019 article published in World Psychiatry, titled "Parental Divorce or Separation and Children's Mental Health" by Brian D'Onofrio and Robert Emery, the authors discuss research surrounding the effects of parental divorce or separation on a child's mental health. There is an extensive discussion regarding associations between parental divorce or separation and mental disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, somatic complaints, conduct problems, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and eating disorders. The authors also include genetically informed studies that indicate causal relationships between parent divorce/separation and offspring mental health. The article concludes with implications for future research to better understand how experiences may contribute to abnormal psychology and psychiatric interventions to improve psychological outcomes for children. This high-quality study proves how parental relationship quality can be linked to offspring well-being outcomes over time. Finkelhor, D. (2020). Trends in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the United States. Child abuse & neglect , 108 , 104641. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are a major social determinant of health and can have long-lasting effects on a person throughout their life. To create effective policies or successful prevention strategies, it is important for those tackling this issue to understand trends in ACEs. Finkelhor's 2020 study sought to review available trend data on major forms of ACEs over the last several decades. The results showed an overall decrease in ACEs for the 21st

6 century, including parental divorce, exposure to domestic violence, physical abuse, and more; however, there were increases in some categories, such as parental alcohol and drug abuse. It is beneficial to be aware of improvements and persistent issues so that policymakers can be motivated to take steps towards successfully preventing potential negative experiences for children going forward. Kopystynska, O., Barnett, M. A., & Curran, M. A. (2020). Constructive and destructive interparental conflict, parenting, and coparenting alliance. Journal of Family Psychology , 34 (4), 414. This study, conducted by Kopystynska, Barnett, and Curran (2020), examined the impact of therapeutic interventions for couples on parenting and co-parenting alliance in both married and unmarried couples. Their results showed that destructive interparental conflict was associated with lower levels of the co-parenting alliance. In contrast, constructive interparental conflict was related to higher levels of the co-parenting alliance. Furthermore, Fathers, in particular, were found to have harsher parenting behaviors due to destructive interparental conflict. True to the spillover hypothesis of family systems theory, this research suggests that all families - whether married or not - would benefit from therapeutic interventions to promote productive conflict management strategies. This could potentially reduce stress in the relationship between partners, resulting in improved mental health outcomes for their children and themselves in the long term.

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7 References Kopystynska, O., Barnett, M. A., & Curran, M. A. (2020). Constructive and destructive interparental conflict, parenting, and coparenting alliance. Journal of Family Psychology , 34 (4), 414. Van Dijk, R., Van Der Valk, I. E., Deković, M., & Branje, S. (2020). A meta-analysis on interparental conflict, parenting, and child adjustment in divorced families: Examining mediation using meta-analytic structural equation models. Clinical Psychology Review , 79 , 101861. Mortelmans, D. (2020). Economic consequences of divorce: A review. Parental life courses after separation and divorce in Europe , 23-41. Schaan, V. K., Schulz, A., Schächinger, H., & Vögele, C. (2019). Parental divorce is associated with an increased risk of developing mental disorders in women. Journal of Affective Disorders , 257 , 91-99. Lebow, J. L. (2020). The challenges of COVID‐19 for divorcing and post‐divorce families. Family Process , 59 (3), 967-973. Auersperg, F., Vlasak, T., Ponocny, I., & Barth, A. (2019). Long-term effects of parental divorce on mental health–A meta-analysis. Journal of psychiatric research , 119 , 107-115. D'Onofrio, B., & Emery, R. (2019). Parental divorce or separation and children's mental health. World Psychiatry , 18 (1), 100. Finkelhor, D. (2020). Trends in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the United States. Child abuse & neglect , 108 , 104641.

8 Kopystynska, O., Barnett, M. A., & Curran, M. A. (2020). Constructive and destructive interparental conflict, parenting, and coparenting alliance. Journal of Family Psychology , 34 (4), 414.

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