Educ 5420 Portfolio Activity unit1

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Introduction Theories of human development make an effort to explain how individuals change and evolve throughout the course of their lives. The subject matter centers on the various dimensions of development, encompassing mental, affective, communal, and bodily advancement. The concepts provide a framework for comprehending how people develop and learn at various stages of their lives. In order to better understand how to handle teenagers, this paper looks at the views on human development held by Freud, Erikson, Piahet, Vygosky, and Bronfenbrenner. View Point of Human Development Theorists Sigmund Freud researched the evolution of humankind from the standpoint of psychosexual experience, which every individual must go through in order to reach adulthood. His psychosexual development was based on the idea that, in order to foster healthy development, adults—like parents and teachers—must regulate children's aggressive and sexual drives. He argues that in order to keep children's psychosexual development from stopping and them from becoming engulfed at any one stage, they must be guided through it in an appropriate manner at each (Cherry, 2020). There is nothing to be said about adolescence. According to Freud, sexual urges resurface during the onset of adolescence (12 years of age and up), intensify, and can lead to marriage and childbirth if properly attended to. Erik Erikson is the next prominent mentalist to take into account. He claims that adolescence is the time when identity versus confusion, the fifth stage of ego in psychological development, takes place. Erikson contends that handling developmental conflicts in a way that supports young people in forming lifelong values is necessary. He saw a connection between these internal tensions and phases of development. Erikson argues that when young people

successfully negotiate these crises, they get stronger and are able to form a "self" that they will carry with them for the rest of their lives. The ideas of developmental psychologist Jean Piaget, who came after him, are centered on the stages of intellectual growth He defined four stages of mental development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational (Bhargava, 2020). Teenagers are in the last developmental stage; therefore, they can utilize symbols to relate to abstract concepts. Adolescents can mentally picture events or circumstances in the formal stage. Adolescents can form and characterize situations of injustice and poverty even if they have never experienced them. Lev Vygotsky was a sociocultural psychologist whose work demonstrated the importance of social interaction and culture in the development of cognitive abilities (Morelli, 2021). He contends that human development is a social process in which children closely collaborate with adults who possess greater experience, such as teachers, to acquire cultural values, worldviews, and problem-solving techniques (McLeod, 2020). He sees the community as essential to the process of "making meaning. “.In the lives of children. As to Guy-Evans (2023), the theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner views child development as an intricate web of interactions that are shaped by an array of environmental influences, encompassing the family, school, and the broader society comprising cultural values, laws, and customs. Beyond the individual, he considered wider influencing factors and the development framework, which he named "Ecological System Theory." This was then developed into the "bio ecological model," which is more concerned with interactions with the local environment.

Working with the Adolescents Assisting the Adolescents: given my understanding of these theories, I feel well-positioned to: (a) assist any teenager I encounter by helping them make plans for the future, pushing parents to participate in their children's education, acting as a positive role model for them, praising good behavior, and helping out struggling students(Morelli, 2021).(b) encourage peer interactions by teaching students about tolerance and cultural diversity, encouraging extracurricular activity involvement, using group work and project methods, peer tutoring, and student participation in class discussions. (c) create a friendly learning environment by allowing students to create rules, being patient with them, letting them choose how the classroom is organized, and providing extra help for those who need it. (d) build a trusting relationship with my students by getting to know them, allowing them to talk freely, treating them fairly, promoting more interaction and fewer lectures in the classroom, being friendly to each and every one of them, and sharing personal information with them. Conclusion Professionals in the fields of education and parenting can better comprehend the developmental changes that teens go through since they have a deep understanding of human development and associated concepts. As a result, they might very well carry out their responsibilities as friends, mentors, and guides, allowing development to continue as a continuous process.

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References Bhargava, H. D. (2020, August 17). Web MD. Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/children/piaget-stages-of-development Cherry, K. (2019, December 7). Very Well Mind. (A. Morin, Ed.) Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://www.verywellmind.com/identityversusconfusion2795735#:~:text=Identity%20versus %20confusion%20is%20the,develop%20a%20sese%20of%20self Cherry, K. (2020, November 19). Very Well Mind. Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962 Guy-Evans, O. (2020, November 9). Simply Psychlogy. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/Bronfenbrenner.html\ McLeod, S. (2020). Simply Psychlogy. Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html Morelli, A. O. (2021). Grace Point. (C. E. Zupanick, Ed.) Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://www.gracepointwellness.org/1310-child-development-theory-adolescence-12- 24/article/41167-adolescent-social-development

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