US Gov final answers doc
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School
California State University, Northridge *
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Course
355
Subject
Political Science
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
7
Uploaded by ChancellorRock4746
1)
The idea that political power is held by multiple different groups and political outcomes
are produced by their competition is known as:
Pluralist theory
2)
Match the following:
Toll:
goods that are provided to all as long as they purchase it
Private:
Goods provided by companies and businesses and can be purchased by those
who can afford it
Public:
goods provided by the government and are free to all
Blank space:
pick the blank answers
3)What is the term for the plan that resulted in the creation of equal representation for
states in the Senate and unequal representation, based on population size, in the
House of Representatives?
The Great Compromise
4)
True
5)
Unless the constitution specifically grants the federal government power, or a
constitutional law precedent is established which links federal power to a constitutional
source, the states are the basis of authority for any other kind of government action.
This is specifically known as:
Reserved Powers
6)Balancing interests into multiple branches of government that share power, including
regulating and limiting each other, is known as the
[
separation of powers
]
This occurs
within
[
federal system
]
where both the national level government and state level
government may pass laws, but national level laws take precedence based on the
[
supremacy clause
]
of the constitution.
7) An unfunded mandate is:
when the federal gov...
8) When states begin competing to lower taxes and eliminate regulations in order to
attract business, in spite of the effect it may have on workers, it is also known as a:
race
to bottom
9) Cooperative federalism, a hallmark of "New Deal" depression and war era
governance in which the federal government set a policy agenda and states assisted in
carrying it out, was replaced by this kind of federalism which was in no small part a
response which attempt to reassert the rights of states:
New federalism
10) A legally recognized right not granted by legislation, but by legal tradition or court
precedent is known as:
common law right
11) The practice of a government censoring somebody prior to the publication of their
work is known as
prior restraint
and the US Supreme Court has found it to be
unconstitutional
except under limited circumstances.
12)
Mapp v. Ohio
determined that evidence obtained in an unlawful search or seizure
could not be used to bring someone to trial in what is known as the:
exclusionary
13) During Jim Crow these tools, which required somebody to explain the meaning of a
passage of text or answer questions about the system of government, was applied to
poor Black voters who often lived in areas where Jim Crow era education funding
suppressed literacy rates.
Understanding tests/literacy tests
14) Name the case that made the Jim Crow doctrine of "separate but equal"
constitutional, then name the case that made it unconstitutional
Plessy vs. Ferguson,
Brown v. Board of Education
15) The erasure of women's separate legal identities once married was known as:
Coverture
16) This type of media coverage reports on the day to day standing of a political
candidate.
Overt Content
17) What is the difference between modern liberalism and modern conservativism
Modern liberalism favors a role of the federal government in promoting equality and
regulating the economy to promote civil rights, while modern conservatism favors
first finding possible solutions to problems at the state and private level to promote
civil liberties
18) Match the following
Exit poll -
AN ELECTION POLL TAKEN BY INTERVIEWING VOTERS...
Straw poll -
AN INFORMAL AND UNOFFICIAL ELECTION POLL...
Push poll-
POLITICALLY BIASED CAMPAIGN INFORMATION...
Margin of error-
A NUMBER THAT STATES HOW FAR…
19)
Unpopular presidents may not provide a positive _____ for other candidates in their
party "down ballot" during elections.
COATTAIL EFFECT
20) Super PACs can spend nearly unlimited money on elections anyway they want, but
are prohibited from working directly with candidates. Their efforts to influence elections
are also referred to as______:
SHADOW CAMPAIGNS
21) Match the following:
Initiative:
approval by voters
Recall:
removal
Referendum:
legislation proposed
22) Traditionally, the influence of media on politics is less the result of "twisting" or "spinning" facts or
telling outright lies, but more through this process which determines which issues or facts receive
attention.
Agenda
23)
A political staffer trying to create a positive perception of a candidate
through_______would be unhappy to find out that a news organization will be instead
reporting on unflattering facts they will find after reviewing public records, in what is also
called_________
Public relations, Muckraking
24) Match the following:
hypodermic theory:
citizens are blank
cultivation theory:
media modifies
minimal effects theory:
citizens tend to think
25)
Lyndon B. Johnson's support of civil rights departing from the Democratic Party's
traditional stance of limiting civil rights, followed by Nixon's "southern strategy," a
departure from the Republican Party's stance on expansion of civil rights, resulted in
perhaps the clearest example of this in the 20th century.
Party realignment
26) This process of_______in which a political party strategically draws district lines so
that there are more voters loyal to that party within a district is known as________and is
done to maximize the amount of ________increasing the political power of that party in
the legislature and reducing the time and resources spent on competitive races.
Redistricting, gerrymandering, safeseat
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27) If one political party won the majority of seats in the Senate and an opposing party
won the majority of seats in House of Representatives, we would refer to this state of
affairs as:
Divided Government
28) In two or three sentences, what is the difference between a grassroots movement
and an astroturf movement?
Grassroots uses people in a place as the "origin" of a
movement. Astroturf takes sponsors of an organization and makes it appear as if it
originated from a grassroots movement and that it's supported by its grassroots
participants.
29) Which of the following would be examples of a membership organization, where
those represented pay monetary dues?
Unions and AARP
30)Unions provide benefits for all workers represented in the contract they negotiate,
regardless of whether they are members of the union. Unions are funded by the dues
members pay, and sometimes a lower "fair share" fee from represented non-members.
Without members, unions may not have the funding to negotiate effectively.
However, some represented workers may decide not to pay because they receive the
same benefits as members without paying full member dues. This situation is one
example of:
Free Rider Problem
31) Match the following:
Elected officials make decisions based on what their constituents want them to do
Delegate
Elected officials make decisions based on what those officials believe is in the best interest of their
constituents
Trustee Model
Elected officials embody or have shared living conditions similar to the majority of those they
represent
Descriptive
Elected officials make their own calculations in attempts to balance the sometimes conflicting needs
of the society and their own constituents
Politico
32) Surge-and-decline theory argues that voters are more interest in local races and are
more inclined to vote during mid-term elections, leading to a drop-off in voter turnout in
years of presidential election where the media draws attention away from local politics
False
33)Is the power of the congress, not the president, to declare war an enumerated power
or an implied power?
Enumerated
34)The start of a war during a president's term may prove beneficial for their re-election
if it triggers the:
Rally around the flag effect
35)
An understanding between the president and another country created without the formal
consent of the Senate:
executive agreement
A method of modifying legislation after it has been passed by congress specifying details on how
that legislation will be enforced by the executive branch:
signing statement
A now unconstitutional practice whereby the president would only agree to portions of a specific
piece of legislation already approved by congress rather than the text congress approved:
line-item
veto
A rule or order signed by the president having the force of law without the formal consent of
congress:
executive
order
The concept that the president can withhold certain information from congress, the judiciary, and/or
the public:
executive privilege
36)
Court decisions, particularly at the appellate level and Supreme Court, operate
similarly to legislation by setting legal precedents that can later be enforced in a system
known as:
common law
37) When the Supreme Court rules that an action taken by a state government or
another branch of the federal government violates the constitution it is exercising:
judicial review
38)
Stare decisis
is the principle by which prior court decisions and the precedents they
set should determine how courts rule in new cases.
True
39) An elected official who sees themselves as a "trustee" of the public interest may
operate within a traditionalistic political model, a moralistic political model, or an
individualistic political model.
True
40) The principle by which state law takes precedence over local (county, municipal) law
is also known as:
Dillion’s rule
41) Aside from issues of corruption, this approach to bureaucratic appointment also
undermines the expectation that government staff should be made up of competent
professionals.
Patronage
42) The trend of increasing public college tuition and decreasing the amount of state
funding, or a city contracting with a waste management company rather than
overseeing trash operations themselves, are examples of:
privatization
43)
A largely unregulated market where supply and demand determine economic outcomes
[free-market economics]
Increasing the ability of individuals to spend money on consumer goods drives economic growth
[keynisian economics]
Expanding the productive capability of a country drives economic growth
[supply side economics]
44)
What is
not
an element of the "social safety net"
Social security
45) If there is no economic growth for two consecutive quarters (half a year), this is
referred to as a:
Recession
46)
When higher tax rates only apply to earnings above certain thresholds, with lower tax rates
applying to all income below that threshold
[ Progressive Tax]
When lower tax rates apply to earnings above certain thresholds, with higher tax rates applying to
lower levels of income
[Regressive tax]
Taxes that apply to goods and services
[Excise tax]
Select the blank line on the (“Choose”) or else you wont receive full credit
47)
The George W. Bush (Bush Jr.) administration's decision to invade Iraq without the
consent of the UN was the first major example of this approach to use of force:
Neoconservatism
48)George H.W. Bush's (Bush Sr.) military action against Iraq is an example of "liberal
internationalism."
True
49) It is possible to argue that, following the two world wars, that in spite of tensions and
smaller conflicts the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union represented
a period of relative global peace due to
Balance of Power
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50)Neo-isolationists prefer a protectionist trade policy, which limits the ability of foreign
countries to sell goods in domestic market
False