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AP Gov Final Exam Review: Unit 3 Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bjtx4f 1. What is the main difference between civil lib- erties and civil rights? Civil liberties are protec- tions citizens have against government infringement, whereas civil rights are pro- tections to protect citizens from discrimination. 2. The first ten amendments within the U.S. Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights. 3. According to the excerpt above, why would adding a bill of rights to the Constitution be dangerous? Adding a specific list of rights could actually limit the people's rights to those list- ed. 4. The purpose of the Tenth Amendment is to ensure that states retain some power that is not ex- pressly given to the federal government. 5. The city of Denver passes a law that bans civilians from purchasing or possessing handguns. People who are upset with this could file a lawsuit arguing the new law vio- lates the 2nd amendment. 6. In Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court held that the exclusionary rule applied to the states. Evidence ob- tained illegally could not be used at a defendant's trial. 7. The main function of the establishment clause in the First Amendment is to protect citizens from the government's establish- ment of a national religion. 8. The protection within the First Amendment that allows individuals to express and exer- cise their religious beliefs is known as the free exercise clause. 9. 1 / 6

AP Gov Final Exam Review: Unit 3 Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bjtx4f The establishment clause would be used by the Supreme in which of the following sce- narios? A public high school starts each day with a prayer over the PA system. 10. A teacher who starts each day with a guided short prayer in her classroom would be in violation of the precedent created by Engel v. Vitale. 11. In Wisconsin v. Yoder, the Supreme Court used the free exercise clause to decide that compulsory school attendance laws could not be used to make Amish children to attend high school. 12. Which of the following pairs is correct in re- gards to the holding in both the Engel and the Yoder decisions? Engel v. Vitale: School sanc- tioned prayer violated the establishment clause. Wis- consin v. Yoder: The free ex- ercise clause allowed Amish parents to complete the ed- ucation of their children. 13. How is the Espionage Act of 1917 related to the First Amendment? It limits freedom of ex- pression and speech during wartime and in situations of national security. 14. What lasting impact did the Supreme Court's decision in Schenck v. United States have on the First Amendment? It established the clear and present danger test, which set the precedent that speech that created a dan- ger in some way would not be protected by the First Amendment. 15. The Supreme Court extended First Amend- ment protection in symbolic speech in which of the following cases? Tinker v. Des Moines. 16. 2 / 6

AP Gov Final Exam Review: Unit 3 Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bjtx4f How does the act of slander compare to the act of libel? Slander involves spoken ex- pression, whereas libel in- volves written expression. 17. According to the majority decision in McDon- ald v. Chicago, what benefit is there in the se- lective incorporation of the Second Amend- ment right to keep and bear arms? It gives Americans the abili- ty to defend themselves and their property. 18. What is the main idea behind the exclusion- ary rule? That any evidence obtained without a warrant may not be used in court. 19. How do the responsibilities of a grand jury differ from those of a jury? A grand jury is responsible for reviewing evidence and deciding if a case should go to trial, while a jury is responsible for determining guilt or innocence. 20. Suppose police officers are in the process of arresting a man they suspect in a string of local bank robberies. While they are arresting the man, they inform him that he has the right to remain silent and that he has the right to an attorney. The officers have fulfilled their duties in reading the man his Miran- da rights. 21. Why does Article I of the Constitution prohib- it the passage of ex post facto laws? Such laws would make crim- inals out of people who com- mitted the act before it was illegal. 22. How did the Supreme Court justify its deci- sion in Griswold v. Conneticut? It stated that, although not explicitly mentioned, the Constitution did guarantee a right to privacy. 23. In 2019, a bill was proposed in the state of Georgia that would prohibit a woman from Roe v. Wade. 3 / 6

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AP Gov Final Exam Review: Unit 3 Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bjtx4f terminating a pregnancy once a heartbeat is detected. Opponents of the bill would likely cite which case to ensure it does not go into effect? 24. Which is a feature of the Americans with Dis- abilities Act (ADA)? Employers may not discrim- inate against those with mental or physical disabili- ties. 25. The owners of a public building have been notified that their building is not compli- ant with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements. Which is an action the owners might take to ensure their building is compliant with the ADA? Install a ramp to the front entrance of the building. 26. The ADA required state and local govern- ments to ensure that all public buildings were handicap accessible, however the national government did not allocate any funds to help with this. This is called an unfunded mandate. 27. The main goal of the Thirteenth Amendment was to abolish slavery within the United States. 28. The concept that all who are born or natural- ized in the United States are citizens to whom all natural rights apply was established by the Fourteenth Amendment. 29. Suppose it is the 1870s and a South Carolina polling place is turning away African Ameri- can men as they arrive to vote in the election. Such an action would be in violation of the Fifteenth Amendment. 30. How does the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson compare to the decision made in Brown v. Board of Education? The decision in Plessy up- held institutions that were inherently racist, while the decision in Brown worked 4 / 6

AP Gov Final Exam Review: Unit 3 Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bjtx4f to dismantle institutional racism. 31. Suppose a construction company is working with a city to build housing near the city cen- ter that will be sold to low-income residents. Once construction is complete, many of the wealthier families who live near the building decide to move, leaving the low-income res- idents separated from the wealthier families. This is an example of de facto segregation. 32. The main purpose of affirmative action poli- cies it to give special consideration to one group over another based on pervious discrim- ination due to certain char- acteristics. 33. Before the civil rights movement of the 1960s, African Americans in the South were re- quired by law to use separate public facilities and utilities from whites. This is an example of de jure segregation. 34. In the Bakke decision, the Supreme Court held that racial quotas were a viola- tion of the equal protection clause. 35. Assume it is the 1960s and you have decided to participate in the civil rights movement to end segregation in the South. You join a group of black protesters with the intent to sit in the "white section" of the bus on the way home from work. Such as action would be considered civil disobedience. 36. A feature of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Let- ter from a Birmingham Jail" is that he asserts the idea that racial oppression is unjust and out of harmony with natural law. 5 / 6

AP Gov Final Exam Review: Unit 3 Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bjtx4f 37. A polling place that requires voters to com- plete and pass a test that measures their knowledge about the positions of the candi- dates on the ballot and basic American poli- tics would be in violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. 38. The main goal of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was to outlaw segregation in public spaces, including schools. 39. The purpose of the Nineteenth Amendment was to extend the right to vote to women. 40. The main goal of Title IX of the Higher Educa- tion Act of 1972 was to prohibit the exclusion of women from educational programs and activities on the basis of sex. 41. Marginalized and minority groups such as gay men, lesbians, and transgender people may seek civil rights protections on the basis of the Fourteenth Amendment. 42. The National Organization for Women (NOW) would likely support a bill that would prohibit an employer from passing over a preg- nant female candidate for a job. 6 / 6

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