Diagnostic Exam AP GOVT
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University of Wisconsin, Green Bay *
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Course
101
Subject
Political Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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docx
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12
Uploaded by wildflowersinthewoods
Practice Questions
01.00 Diagnostic Exam
1
. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid. ...
—The Mayflower Compact, 1620
Which fundamental principle of American democracy is reflected in both this excerpt and the Declaration of Independence? A.
Equality
B.
Republicanism
C.
So
cial contract
D.
Limited government
2.Based on the table, what might be a reason for the Anti-Federalists to oppose the national government proposed in the Constitution?
Population of U.S. in 1790 (approx.)
Population of New Bedford (CT) in 1790
Time to travel to New York
(nation's capital in 1790) from Connecticut
Time to walk to center of New Bedford
3,900,000
3,000
1 week
1-2 hours
A.
It might favor certain states on issues that concern all of the states.
B.
It might not meet as often due to distance that a representative had to travel.
C.
It might not be as open to suggestions as the state governments would be.
D.
It might ignore state-level interests and focus only on national concerns.
3
.
Having thus laid down and discussed the principles which ought to regulate the constitution of the federal judiciary, we will proceed to test, by these principles, the particular powers of which ....
it is to be composed. ...
First. To all cases in law and equity, ARISING UNDER THE CONSTITUTION ... what is meant by "cases arising under the Constitution," ... All the restrictions upon the authority of the State legislatures furnish examples of it. They are not, for instance, to emit paper money; ...
The judiciary authority of the Union is to extend:
Second. To treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, and to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls. These belong to the fourth class of the enumerated cases, as they have an evident connection with the preservation of the national peace.
Third. To cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. These form, altogether, the fifth of the enumerated
classes of causes proper for the cognizance of the national courts. —From Federalist No. 80
Which of the following constitutional principles is common in both the excerpt and Federalist No. 51?
A.
Federalism
B.
Judicial review
C.
Checks and balances
D.
Enumerated powers
4
. Which pair represents a case in which the balance of power between the federal government
and state government shifted, and the constitutional clause through which the court's decision
was justified? Case
Justification
(A)
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Equal protection clause
(B)
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Establishment clause
(C)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Due process clause
(D)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Necessary and proper clause
(A)
(B)
©
(D)
5.
This map depicting exceptions to minimum legal drinking ages by state in 2016 illustrates the balance of state and federal powers as one in which: A.
the federal government can mandate state policies
B.
the federal government can give up powers that it previously claimed
C.
states have powers not otherwise claimed by the federal government
D.
states have powers that they give up to the federal government
6. The data shown in the graph reflects citizens' concerns
regarding protections provided in which of the following
amendments?
A.
Fourth
Amendment
B.
Fifth Amendment
C.
Sixth Amendment
D.
Eighth Amendment
7
. The Amendment Process
To propose:
To ratify:
●
Amendment is proposed by 2/3 of both the House and Senate
(only method ever used)
OR
●
2/3 of the states petition for a national
convention
●
3/4 of states vote to approve the amendment
OR
●
3/4 states call a special convention to ratify (used only once)
What conclusion can be drawn about the amendment process in Article V of the Constitution based on the infographic? A.
State conventions are held often to ratify constitutional amendments.
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B.
Proposals to amend the constitution are guaranteed to be ratified if they pass through both houses of Congress.
C.
Ame
nding the Constitution is a difficult process that takes considerable time and the approval of Congress and the states.
D.
When proposing an amendment to the constitution, states must hold convention before the proposal can be considered by Congress.
8.
The State of Maryland proposed to create its own banking system. The federal government intervened and banned the state from creating a new bank. The state sued the federal government, and the case went to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled against the state.
Which constitutional clause supports the Supreme Court's decision against the State of Maryland? A.
Ne
cessary and proper clause
B.
Commerce clause
C.
Equal protection clause
D.
Guarantee clause
9. The president can check the power of Congress by vetoing legislation. What must Congress do if it wishes to overturn the veto? A.
Vote assent in both chambers by a plurality
B.
Vote assent in both chambers by a simple majority
C.
Vote asse
nt in both chambers by a two-thirds majority
D.
Vote assent in both chambers by the majority of the president's party
10.
The U.S. Supreme Court hears a case regarding a federal medical care insurance law that requires the states to abide by the provisions without providing funding to do so.
On what constitutional grounds might a person or group have brought the challenge to the law to the Supreme Court? A.
The president vetoed the law and is upset that Congress overruled this veto.
B.
A sta
te legislature believed that its reserved powers were violated by the law.
C.
Congress was unhappy with the final language of the law and wants to amend it.
D.
A congressman who was absent when the law was voted on wanted to have his voice heard.
11. Which of the following statements is true about the amendment process to the Constitution?
A.
A proposal is generated in the House, and the approval is conducted by the Senate.
B.
A proposal is generated from state conventions and approved by a two-thirds majority of
Congress.
C.
A proposal is generated from the Senate and approval comes from three-fourths vote of state conventions.
D.
A proposal is generated either by a two-thirds vote of Congress or convention of states, with approval stemming from a supermajority from states or state ratifying conventions.
12. The Supreme Court's decision in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) incorporated which provision of the Bill of Rights? A.
Fourth Amendment—protection from illegal seizures
B.
Fourth Amendment—protection from warrantless searches
C.
Sixth Amendment—right to face witnesses
D.
Si
xth Amendment—right to legal counsel
13.
A person creates an online social media post showing people outside protesting the results of an election. The post also details how local police shut down the protest. The post garners a lot of attention. Subsequently, a group of citizens starts a lawsuit claiming that the shutdown violated the First Amendment rights of the protesters.
If the case proceeded to the Supreme Court, what would the judges take into consideration to make their ruling? A.
The age of the protesters
B.
The location of the protest
C.
The citizenship status of the protesters
D.
Whether there was formal media coverage
14.
For yet more imperative reasons, a State may punish utterances endangering the foundations of organized government and threatening its overthrow by unlawful means. These imperil its own existence as a constitutional state.
Freedom of speech and press ... does not protect disturbances to the public peace or the attempt to subvert the government. It does not protect publications or teachings which tend to subvert or imperil the government or to impede or hinder it in the performance of its governmental duties. [...] In short, this freedom does not deprive a state of the primary and essential right of self preservation; which, so long as human governments endure, they cannot be denied.
—From the Majority Opinion, Gitlow v. New York, Justice Sanford, 1925
In the text, Justice Sanford and the majority give final and conclusive importance to which of the following aspects of the Fourteenth Amendment?
A.
The individual's protection of constitutional rights through selective incorporation
B.
The individual's freedom to subvert government
C.
The limits on freedom of speech for naturalized citizens
D.
The ext
ent of due process limitations on state legislatures
15. What do the changes brought about by the Women's Rights Movement indicate about social movements? A.
They have had limited success in creating change.
B.
They have become more effective with each new
generation.
C.
They h
ave used constitutional provisions to justify
change.
D.
They have had success resisting changes to policy.
16. Use the cartoon to answer the question.
Which of the following statements describes the message of the political cartoon? A.
Freed
om of the press includes the right to publish yellow journalism.
B.
Libel laws will protect the freedom of the press from lawsuits if yellow journalism is printed.
C.
The media supports regulations of the media if the media is printing yellow journalism.
D.
The Supreme Court has ruled that yellow journalism is not protected by freedom of the press.
17. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of congressional bodies' levels of interest in statewide issues? Congressional Debates
Reason
(A)
Senate
Less attention bc senators are elected by the whole state
(B)
Senate
Less attention bc senators are elected less frequently than House
(C)
House
More attention because representatives run for re-election more
frequently
(D)
House
More attention because it has significantly more members
(A) (B)
(C)
(D)
18. Use the table to answer the question.
Source: Report to Congress, 2017
Which of the following powers of Congress requires congressional oversight of the data in the included table? A.
Collecting taxes
B.
Minting currency
C.
Borrowing money
D.
Addressing economic policies
19.
A president needs to appoint a Supreme Court justice to fill a vacancy left by a justice who had a different ideology than the president's. The Senate is controlled by an opposing party of that
of the president's.
Which principle might give cause for presidents to nominate a more moderate candidate in this scenario? A.
Federalism
B.
Limited government
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C.
Separation of powers
D.
Checks and ba
lances
20. Which term describes powers claimed by presidents that are NOT granted to them in the Constitution?
A.
Infor
mal
B.
Delegated
C.
Expressed
D.
Enumerated
21. Photo of President Donald Trump waving to the crowd at an indoor event. A banner reads, Promises Kept. An image inset into the photo shows a message he posted online, which reads, Getting ready to celebrate the 4th of July with a big crowd at the White House. Happy 4th to everyone. Our country will grow and prosper.
Advocates of presidential use of the communication technology shown could use which of the following documents as support? A.
Federalist No. 10
B.
Federalist No. 51
C.
Federalis
t No. 70
D.
Federalist No. 78
22. Which of these statements is true of the Office of Management and Budget, which is part of the executive branch? A.
It oversees the budgeting and related financial aspects of foreign trade agreements.
B.
It se
ts priorities for other agencies as those agencies craft budget requests.
C.
It blocks congressional actions that would limit the president's proposed budget.
D.
It makes sure that other agencies do not change the president's proposed budget.
23. The States of [New Jersey] and [Delaware] were opposed to a National Govt. because its patrons considered a proportional representation of the States as the basis of it. The [eagerness] displayed by the Members opposed to a Natl. Govt. from these different (motives) began now to produce serious anxiety for the result of the Convention.—Mr. Dickenson said to Mr. Madison "you see the consequence of pushing things too far." Some of the members from the small States wish for two branches in the General Legislature and are friends to a good National Government; but we would sooner submit to a foreign power, than submit to be deprived of an equality of suffrage, in both branches of the legislature, and thereby be thrown under the domination of the large States.
—The Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 reported by James Madison on June 15
How goes the current structure of the U.S. Senate compare to the governmental structure suggested in the text?
A.
It bases representation on state population.
B.
It
allows equal representation for all states.
C.
It utilizes a single chamber.
D.
It allows for a single senator from each state.
24.
Mobile's at-large electoral system does not violate the rights of the city's [African American] voters in contravention
of the Fifteenth Amendment. Racially discriminatory motivation is a necessary ingredient of a Fifteenth Amendment violation.
—Excerpt from Mobile v. Bolden (1980)
Which of following actions could legally restrict the impact of Mobile v. Bolden (1980)? A.
Cong
ress could pass legislation to ban voting practices with a discriminatory effect.
B.
Congress could overturn the Supreme Court ruling by declaring it unconstitutional.
C.
The Supreme Court could amend the ruling in this case, overturning the decision.
D.
The
president could issue an executive order that overrides the ruling.
25. After an election, a new president selects a major campaign contributor for a government job. Which of the following terms best describes the scenario? A.
Merit system
B.
Nepotism
C.
Pol
itical patronage
D.
The iron triangle
26.
The Department of Agriculture establishes a set of rules overseeing management of pig farms, determining minimum standards of shelter for pigs. What is the source of authority allowing the department to impose such rules?
A.
Inherent in the department
B.
La
ws passed by Congress
C.
The president
D.
Department heads in the Cabinet
27
. Use the table to answer the question.
Source: Harvard Law Review Supreme Court Statistics
Which principle of limited government is reflected in the table?
A.
Judicial branch checking the power of the executive branch
B.
Executive branch checking the power of the judicial branch
C.
Judic
ial branch checking the power of the legislative branch
D.
Executive branch checking the power of the legislative branch
28. Which of the following federal government institutions can formally block rules made by regulatory agencies (such as the Environmental Protection Agency)? A.
Congress
B.
The feder
al judiciary
C.
The president
D.
The head of the given government agency
29.
In 1992, the full faculty at the Law School adopted its current admissions policy. The policy affirms the Law School's "commitment to racial and ethnic diversity with special reference to the inclusion of students from groups which have been historically discriminated against, like African-Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans," who, without some preference, "might not be represented in [the] student body in meaningful numbers." The policy provides that the Law School makes "special efforts" to increase the number of such students because they "are particularly likely to have experiences and perspectives of special importance" and the enrollment of a "critical mass" of such preferred minority students ensures their ability to make "unique contributions to the character of the Law School. —
From Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
This case represents a conflict between which two core American principles? A.
Equa
l opportunity and individual rights
B.
Freedom of enterprise and individual rights
C.
Limited government and equal opportunity
D.
Individual rights and limited government
30.
Image of people saying the Pledge
Which of the following is the purpose of the activity depicted in the image? A.
The making of public policy
B.
Instilling the value of community service
C.
T
he political socialization of students
D.
Forming public opinion on political parties
31. In which case did the Supreme Court's decision have a direct and immediate impact on public policy that favors a more liberal ideology? A.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
B.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
C.
R
oe v. Wade (1973)
D.
New York Times Company v. United States (1971)
32. Which of the following has had the most profound effect on how people receive their news?
A.
Changes in attitudes about the role of media corporations
B.
The rise and popularity of social media
C.
Decreases in the cost of access to information
D.
The government's increased role in providing news to the public
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33
. The majority party in a state legislature wishes to pass a ban on indoor smoking in all public spaces, and the public agrees with that view in several polls. According to the same polls, the minority party opposes this change and is supported by most of its followers
.
Which of the following directly influences all political parties' abilities to carry out the preference of citizens on this issue? A.
How much the citizens are concerned about smoking in public spaces
B.
The stru
cture and attitudes of the party leadership
C.
The size of the majority party in the legislature
D.
How long politicians concerned about smoking in public spaces have been in power
34.
The wise will determine from the gravity of the case; the irritable, from sensibility to oppression; the high-minded, from disdain and indignation at abusive power in unworthy hands; the brave and bold, from the love of honourable danger in a generous cause: but, with or without right, a revolution will be the very last resource of the thinking and the good.
—Edmund Burke, Reflections on the French Revolution
The passage is describing what important influence on public policy outcomes?
A.
Grassroots movement to increase voter turnout and influence public policy
B.
Working within the system as a voter and volunteer
C.
Lobbying to increase legislator knowledge on topics important to the interest group
D.
Prot
est movements with the goal of impacting society and encouraging change
35. Which of the following amendments had its provisions enforced by the Voting Rights Act of 1965? A.
Nineteenth Amendment
B.
Twenty-Fourth Amendment
C.
Fi
fteenth Amendment
D.
Twenty-Sixth Amendment
36.
About 40 percent of eligible voters in the United States don't cast ballots in presidential elections. Some
groups maintain that they don't vote because they don't have any faith that voting will impact how the government is run and therefore won't impact their lives in positive ways.
Voter turnout of which one of the following eligible voter groups would most likely be affected by a lack of faith that their votes will change the status quo? A.
Eligible voters who have graduated college
B.
Eligible voters whose fam
ilies are intergenerationally poor
C.
Voters in states that have the earliest primaries
D.
Voters in states with the smallest populations
37. Based on the graph, which statement about the allocation of
electoral votes among the states is correct?
A.
Indiana and Iowa are better represented in the Electoral College
than New York and Washington, D.C.
B.
Geographically larger states such as California and Alaska are
allotted more electoral votes than smaller states like Hawaii and
Rhode Island.
C.
The Electoral College violates the one-person, one-vote principle
because the most populous states have the most electoral votes.
D.
Voter
s in states with smaller populations have a disproportionate
influence on the outcome of a presidential election.
38. Despite enactment of legislation such as the Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act (2002), public concern has grown regarding which of the
following trends? A.
Weakening of legislation requiring disclosure of donor information
to political committees
B.
The ab
ility of special interest groups to spend unlimited amounts
of money on campaign advertising
C.
Greater corporate influence on candidates that receive advertising
support from special interest groups
D.
Rising costs associated with campaigns, including the reliance on professional consultants
39. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of interest groups' action and their respective solution to the "free-rider" problem? (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
40. Which of the following statements most accurately describes why public opinion is a powerful tool in forming public policy?
A.
Le
gislation is a response to public opinion that is amplified by interest groups and others.
B.
Public opinion is typically formed by small, influential groups rather than the majority of citizens.
C.
Political campaigns are galvanized by public opinion that justifies a party's respective platform and unifies supporters.
D.
Public opinion accurately reflects collective and deliberative thought that helps guide lawmakers on nuanced and often controversial issues.
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