Kami Export - pendulum energy phet

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School

Piedmont Virginia Community College *

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Course

241

Subject

Physics

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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pdf

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Uploaded by MasterFangHedgehog23

Pendulum energy phet Name: ______________________________________ Period:__ A. Energy bars 1. Go to https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/pendulum-lab/latest/pendulum-lab_en.html 2. Click the “energy” icon. 3. Set pendulum length to 1 m for the entire lab. Click the pause button. Drag the pendulum to 60 ∘ . Click the play button. 4. Observe the KE and PE (we call it GPE in class) “ energy bars ”. Describe how the length of these two bars are related to each other: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Click the pause button. Change the angle and describe how the max length of PE depend on the angle of pendulum: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Click reset . Click the pause button. Set the pendulum length to 1 m. Turn on the ruler and stopwatch checkboxes. Click the play button on the stopwatch. Change the speed to slow. Drag the ruler next to the energy bar graph. Drag the pendulum to -60 ∘ . 7. Click the play button to start a swing. Click the pause button to pause the motion at various locations in the table below. Record the time on the stopwatch. Record the amount of both KE and PE bars (use the ruler). Collect data on one single swing from the far left to the far right. Location of pendulum bob Time (s) KE (cm) PE (cm) KE + PE (cm) Far left (-60 ∘ ) About -50 ∘ About -40 ∘ About -30 ∘ About -20 ∘ bottom About 20 ∘ About 30 ∘ About 40 ∘ About 50 ∘ Far right (60 ∘ )

8. Plot one overlay graph with: (i) KE vs time, (ii) PE vs time, and (iii) (KE+PE) vs time. 9. Is your measure of KE and PE in cm a direct or an indirect measurement of the energy in Joule? ________ B. Energy transfer 1. At what point(s) is the PE the highest? __________________ the lowest? __________________ 2. At what point(s) is the KE the highest? __________________ the lowest?__________________ 3. At what point(s) is speed the highest? _________________ the lowest?___________________ 4. What is the relationship between PE, KE and E total ? ___________________________________ 5. Where is the reference location for the height measurement (where PE = 0)? _________________________ 6. Measure approximately the highest height of the 60 ∘ pendulum bob with the ruler. What is the formula relating PE and height h ? ______________________________ Calculate the PE of the bob at the highest point: Equation Substitution Answer and unit 7. What is the formula relating KE and speed v? ____________________________ Calculate the speed of the bob at the lowest point: Equation Substitution Answer and unit C. More play 1. How are the energies affected if you change the mass? Try it! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How are the energies affected if you change the gravity? Try it! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ D. Conservative and non-conservative force 1. Reset the sim . Set the pendulum length to 1 m. Drag the friction slide bar to the middle. Set the pendulum at 60 ∘ . Observe the swing for > 20 cycles. Answer questions below. 2. Compared to sections A and B, what significant difference do you observe in the motion of the pendulum? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Compared to sections A and B, what significant difference do you notice between the behavior of PE, KE, and E therm (thermal energy) as the bob swings? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What do you observe in E total when friction is turned on? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Guess an equation relating PE, KE, and E therm , and E total ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Definition: a force is conservative when it does no work on an object moving around any closed path (i.e. energy change in a cycle is zero, ∆ E closed = W closed = 0). Based on your observations above, is gravity force a conservative force? Cite evidence from the lab and explain your reasoning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Based on your observations above, is frictional force a conservative force? Cite evidence from the lab and explain your reasoning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. A force is conservative when the work it does on a moving object is independent of the path between the object's initial and final positions . Can you come up with drawings and an argument that explains why this definition is the same as the one in step 6? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. When a force is conservative, the work done by the force can be represented by a potential energy . List the objects in this system that is modeled by gravitational potential energy: __________________________________

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