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Motion in Two Dimensions vs. Time
Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to observe and understand the concepts of two dimensional motion, velocity, and how gravity affects the speed and acceleration of an object in motion. To do this, we recorded a video demonstration of a ball that was dropped from a tall height. We utilized the program, PASCO capstone and used the Video Analysis to time track the motion and direction of the ball and allowed us to graph the Position (m) vs Time (s), and Velocity (m/s) vs Time (s), Acceleration vs. Time (s) in x and y intervals.
Procedure:
In this experiment, a set up of a video capturing device, a ball, and the program PASCO capstone were utilized. The video capturing device was angled in an upwards position where the video can demonstrate the ball being tossed up in the air and back down to ground level. After recording, we utilized the Video Analysis feature in the program PASCO capstone and selected the ball as Object #1. We selected track object and selected the ball as it was falling,
marks were placed to where the position of the ball was as it dropped to the ground. After, we graphed six different graphs consisting of; Y-Position vs. Time, X-Position vs. Time, Y-
Velocity, X-Velocity, Y-Acceleration vs. Time, X-Acceleration vs. Time. Sources of Uncertainty:
An uncertainty that will occur is the plotting of the points. In the video analysis, we had to plot the position of the object when it dropped onto the floor. However, a source of uncertainty is where we clicked on the video. Multiple clicks can result in a different position and a different slope overall. Another uncertainty is how many clicks we would make in
the video, as fewer clicks might result in data that is not precise and too many clicks might skew the data. Another uncertainty would be drag as when drag increases, the acceleration might decrease.
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Related Questions
1. What is the distance and direction traveled during the 0s-8s time period?
2. What is the distance and direction traveled during the 8s-24s time period?
3. How far away and in what direction from their starting position does she end up?
arrow_forward
1. Consider the data shown in Table 1 below. This data describes the position of a person
walking in front of a motion detector as a function of time. That is, at each time shown, the
person's distance from the motion detector is given. Plot the data points on the axes below,
with position on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.
Table 1. Position vs. Time Data, First Trial
position, in meters
time elapsed, in seconds
4.04
1.19
4.61
2.09
5.40
3.15
6.06
4.07
6.96
5.14
7.73
6.09
7.14
8.47
9.21
8.15
position (m)
10
8
7
6
4
3
2
time (s)
+
7 8 9
+
+
+
1
2 3
4 5
1.
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1. Consider the data shown in Table 1 below. This data describes the position of a person
walking in front of a motion detector as a function of time. That is, at each time shown, the
person's distance from the motion detector is given. Plot the data points on the axes below,
with position on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.
Table 1. Position vs. Time Data, First Trial
position, in meters
time elapsed, in seconds
4.04
1.19
4.61
2.09
5.40
3.15
6.06
4.07
6.96
5.14
7.73
6.09
7.14
8.47
9.21
8.15
position (m)
caper
ped
8.
7
2
time (s)
+
3 4 5 6 7
+
1 2
8
9.
10
6
4)
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1. Kenny is climbing the stairs of his apartment building for exercise. Kenny weighs 83 kg. There are 8 steps in each flight and the height of a single step on the staircase is 11 inches. He climbs the flight of stairs in 3.4 seconds.
a.) calculate the long-term rate at which stairs can be climbed considering the given information.(how long can be sustained in stair per second)
b.) Why does Kenny descend stairs at a faster rate for a nearly unlimited time although very similar forces are exerted descending as they are ascending?(This points to a fundamentally different process for descending versus climbing stairs.)
arrow_forward
1. Consider the data shown in Table 2 below. This data describes the position of a different
person walking in front of a motion detector as a function of time. Plot the data points on the
axes below, with position on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis. This time, you
should notice that the data points do not form a straight line.
Table 2. Position vs. Time Data, Second Trial
time elapsed, in seconds
time squared, in seconds squared
position, in meters
0.51
0.33
1.08
1.62
1.66
3.54
2.10
5.61
2.56
8.35
3.18
12.81
3.59
16.29
4.07
20.88
position (m)
18
16+
14+
12+
10+
8
6.
4 +
2+
time (s)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
3. Now the data points on your plot should form a straight line (this process is called linearizing
the data). Draw the best-fit line on your plot. Calculate the slope of the line, rounding to 3
significant figures. Show your work and record your result below.
20
arrow_forward
12. MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Problem-solving. Type your complete solution in the space provided. Don't forget to include the needed units. NO solution or units will automatically invalidate your answer.
A stone is thrown downward from a tower with an initial velocity of 3 m/s. The height of tower is 50 meters above the ground.
A. What would be its position after 2 seconds?
B. What would its speed be after 2 seconds?
C. What would its velocity be when it hits the ground?
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1. An ant starts at the origin (x = 0) and crawls along the x - axis with velocity (in units/sec) given
by the velocity function shown below. t is time since the ant started crawling at x=0. Assume
positive velocity indicates that the ant is traveling to the right. Use the graph to answer each
question. The graph crosses the t axis at (2, 0)
7
units/second
seconds
a. At what time does the ant stop?
choose your units: Select an answer
Select an answer
b. How far has the ant crawled wh
units
seconds
units/second
choose your units: units/second/second
c. At what time does the ant return to the origin (x=0)?
choose your units: Select an answer
d. Find the ant's acceleration.
choose your units: Select an answer
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A ball is thrown from the top of a building and falls to the ground below. Its path is determine by the equation h=-4t square + 36t + 40, where h is the height above the ground in meters and t is the elapsed time in seconds. Determine:
a. The maximum height the ball reaches and the time it takes to reach maximum height by using the method of completing the square. Keep in fraction form. b. Determine when the ball hits the ground. c. What is the height of the building.
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Hi I am in phyiscs I and it has the problem a runner ran the marathon (approx. 26.1) in 2 hours and 57 min. What was the average speed of the runner in m/s?
I understand that I would have to divide the total distance by the total time, but I'm not sure how they changed the miles to meters.
Please break it down so I can understand. I tried to solve it how you guys did it but I keep getting another answer. Thank you!
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Explain the formula derivation of "velocity as a function of time". Explain it comprehensively in 3 sentences. Do not cite any examples. Just explain of how and why the formula is derived.
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What is the acceleration (in units of feet per second squared) of a car that goes from 16 mph to 75 mph in a 10.0 second time period? How far does the car travel during that acceleration in units of feet?
Make a list of all given values, units, and the variables they represent. Write the general form of the equation you are going to use. Solve the equation.
arrow_forward
B. Directions: Read and analyse the word problem and answer the follow-up
questions below.
Instantaneous Velocity
The velocity of a moving object at a point during its motion can be determined
using derivatives. Given the function of the velocity of an object to be f(x) = -x? +
6x - 2, where f is the velocity, and x is the time in seconds.
Find the instantaneous velocity of the object at the following instances:
a. at the end of 1 second
b. at the end of 3 seconds
c. at the end of 5 seconds
At what time is the object increasing or decreasing its velocity?
arrow_forward
6. A train is moving with a constant speed. The train moves 60 meters for every 1.5 seconds that
elapses.
a. Assume that we get 40 by dividing 60 by 1.5. What is the name that is commonly given
to a quantity represented by this number 40?
b. To denote the quantity completely, what additional information must be given besides the
number 40?
c. How would you interpret the number 40 in this instance? Your answer should mention
distance and time.
d. Use your interpretation (not algebra) to find the distance the train moves in 2.5 seconds.
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b. You rode a roller coaster with a total path length of 250 meters. After 3 rides, how much is your displacement?
c. A paraglider started to descent in his wingsuit. Knowing that air resistance will be significant to make the paraglider to be safe, which of the following will happen to its acceleration and velocity vectors?
d. A car moving at 100 km/hr along a straight road suddenly hit the brakes. Which of the following is true about the acceleration and velocity vectors?
e. What is the acceleration of a car started from rest, and moved at 10 m/s for 10 s?
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a (m/s*)
B. Acceleration-Time Graph
1. A sailboat is sailing in a
straight line with a velocity of
10 m/s. Then at time 1= 0 s, a
stiff wind blows causing the
sailboat to accelerate as seen
3+
in the diagram below.
What is the velocity of the
sailboat after the wind has
blown for 7 seconds? Show +
→t(s)
3
4.
6.
your solution and answer
below.
-1+
-2+
arrow_forward
Questions:
1. Given the following description of motion, plot a distance vs. time graph that matches the description.
A student 1m away from a motion detector walks away from the motion detector for 3 seconds with
a speed of 2m/s. The student then stops, ponders the value of this lab for the next 2 seconds. The
student, remembering they left the motion detector on, proceeds to walk back towards the detector at
a speed of 3m/s for 2 seconds. Draw this graph on the area provided.
2. What is the distance from the sensor at t = 4 seconds?
3. What is the slope at t = 6 seconds? What does this value mean?
Position vs. Time
4
8
Time (s)
Sidon (M)
3211 AS 77
6
5
0
0
2
5
arrow_forward
Eris Boreas pitched a baseball upward from the ground with a remarkable
velocity of 192 ft/sec. The motion of the ball can be described by the equation
s = -16t2 + vot + So. where s feet is the height of the object at t seconds, so feet
is its initial height, and vo is its initial velocity.
a. Write the equation that describes the ball's motion.
b. How high will the baseball go?
c. How long will it take for the baseball to reach its highest point?
d. Find the instantaneous velocity of the ball at 4 seconds.
e. Find the speed of the ball when it reaches the ground.
arrow_forward
Explain why we only consider one dimensional motion when using a single motion sensor. Based on the definition of velocity, describe what you should observe in the velocity vs. time graph if you were measuring a stationary, distant object and you suddenly slid and object into the beam from the side [hint: think about the behavior of the position graph in this case.]
arrow_forward
Physics question
arrow_forward
X
0
C.
Kinematics Graphs: Comparison Practice
5
e.
A
B
6
1. Two identical objects, A and B, move along straight, parallel, horizontal tracks. The graph above represents
the position as a function of time for the two objects.
t
a. At approximately which time or times, if any, are the objects moving at the same speed? If the
objects are never moving with the same speed during the interval shown, indicate this explicitly.
Briefly explain your answer.
b. (b) Describe what is happening to the positions of objects A and B between 0 seconds and 1
seconds.
Describe what is happening to the positions of objects A and B between 4 seconds and 5 seconds.
d. Which object, if either, has an acceleration with a greater magnitude during the time interval shown
in the graph? If the accelerations have the same magnitude for both objects, indicate this explicitly.
In a clear, coherent, paragraph-length response, explain your response to part (d). Be sure to
reference and compare the graphed information…
arrow_forward
Kenny is climbing the stairs of his apartment building for exercise. Kenny weighs 83 kg and the height of a single step on the staircase is 11 inches. He climbs a flight of stairs in 4.0 seconds.
a.) calculate the rate at which the stairs can be climbed considering the given information (stairs per second).
b.) How long can kenny sustain this pace (so like, continuously climbing the stairs and not leaping up a bunch of stairs at one instant)?
c.) Why does Kenny descend stairs at a faster rate for a nearly unlimited time although very similar forces are exerted descending as they are ascending?(This points to a fundamentally different process for descending versus climbing stairs.)
arrow_forward
Speed of a car The accompanying figure shows the time-to-
distance graph for a sports car accelerating from a standstill.
P
650
600
500
E 400
300
200
100
5
10
15
20
Elapsed time (sec)
a. Estimate the slopes of secant lines PQ,, PQ2, PQ3, and PQ4,
arranging them in order in a table like the one in Figure 2.6.
What are the appropriate units for these slopes?
b. Then estimate the car's speed at time t = 20 sec.
Distance (m)
arrow_forward
You measure the motion of a dynamics cart using a motion sensor. You then plot the cart’s position vs. time and velocity vs. time. The best way of finding the average acceleration of the cart is to find:
a. the y-intercept of the position vs. time plot.
b. the y-intercept of the velocity vs. time plot.
c. the slope of the position vs. time plot
d. the slope of the velocity vs. time plot.
e. none of the above
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Page 3 of 8
4. Lin went ice-skating and tracked his distance using a motion detector. Calculate the rate
of change by analyzing the differences in the y-values and the differences in the x-values
in the table. Calculate the rate of change again using the graph of Lin's skate. Explain
why your answers make sense.
Skater's Distance from
Motion D
arrow_forward
The position of a particle is given by the equation
s(t)=10t^2−20/3 t^3−5/4 t^4+t^5
where t is measured in seconds and s in meters.
d. When is the particle moving forward?
e. When is the particle moving backward?
f. Draw a diagram to represent the motion of the particle.
g. Find the total distance traveled by the particle during the first four seconds.
arrow_forward
As a train accelerates uniformly it passes successive 850 meter marks while traveling at velocities 1.5 m/s and then 15 m/s.
a. For the first mark of the journey, what is the acceleration of the train in m/s sq?
b. Determine the train's velocity when it passes the next mark in m/s.
c. Determine the time it takes to travel the 1.7-km distance in seconds.
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2. At a track and field meet, the best long jump is measured as 8.50 m. The jumper took off at an angle of 38.0° to the
horizontal. What was the initial speed of the er?
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Molly flies her rocket past Nick at constant velocity v. Molly and Nick both measure the time it takes the rocket, from nose to tail, to pass Nick.Which of the following is true?A. Both Molly and Nick measure the same amount of time.B. Molly measures a shorter time interval than Nick.C. Nick measures a shorter time interval than Molly.
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Hi thank you for that solution. In an exam would I be given those formulas or do I need to know them for myself?
arrow_forward
Question 5
a. The mathematical expression 6+ 2(1+2) was given to a boy and a girl to
solve. Prove by explaining that the boy's answer was 1 and that of the
girl was 9.
4
b. When x=9 and y = 2, an expression 2x/3y–1 produced two different
answers, 2 and 11. Explain why two different answers could be arrived at
and how can this ambiguity be cleared?
c. The velocity of a car, accelerating at uniform acceleration a between two
points, is given by v=u+at , where u is its velocity when passing the first
point and i is the time taken to pass between the two points. If
v= 21m/s when t= 3.5s and v= 33m/s when t = 6.1s, explain by the
method of determinants how to obtain the values of u and a, each
correct to 4 significant figures
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3. An object's acceleration versus time graph is shown in figure. Its velocity at t = 0 s is
Vx = 2.0 m/s.
ax (m/s²)
2
1
0
-1
-2
Draw the following graphs.
2
a. Velocity vs time
b. Position vs time
8 10
t (s)
Draw a complete motion diagram for the entire 10 seconds. Clearly mark the origin,
direction of position, velocity and acceleration.
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1. A sprinter at a track and Field event is entered in a 500 m race. The starting gun goes off, accelerating every step of the way, he runs the distance of 63.50 seconds. What is the acceleration of the sprinter in units of meters per second squared? How fast is he going as he crosses the finish line in units of meters per second?
write the general form of the equation you are going use. list all given values, units, and variables they represent. solve the equation.
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1. At time t in seconds, a particle's distance s(t), in micrometers (μm), from a point is given by s(t) = e^t-1.
a.Suppose you want to approximate the instantaneous velocity at t=2 using average velocities. Describe, in a complete sentence or two, why average velocities over smaller time intervals yield better approximations.
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