physics lab 3

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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PHYSICS 101 LAB 3: Sophia Mei, Nishi Patel, Laura Mezny Introduction Friction is the force that resists an object's motion over a surface. Friction can only occur when two items make contact with each other. There are two forms of friction: kinetic and static. Static friction occurs when an object is not in motion. Kinetic friction occurs while an item is in motion. To calculate the kinetic friction, we will use the kinetic friction equation: F = u N. 𝑘 𝑘 Methods In this experiment, we started by moving the IOLab, felt side down, straight over a flat surface (table). Then, we repeated this experimental activity three times to get various accelerations to utilize in calculating standard deviation and standard error. Using the IOLab program, average acceleration may be determined from trial results obtained by repeating this experiment three times. In addition, use gravity force to get the final kinetic friction constant (u =a/g). 𝑘 Results Trials Photo Coefficient of Kinetic Friction 1 Acceleration: -1.143 m/s^2 SD: 0.23m/s^2 -2.431 2 Acceleration: -0.997 m/s^2 SD: 0.30 m/s^2 -2.222
3 Acceleration: -1.081 m/s^2 SD: 0.21 m/s^2 -2.368 Analysis The IO lab’s average acceleration during trial 1 was -1.143 m/s^2. The IO lab’s average acceleration during trial 2 was -0.997 m/s^2. The IO lab’s average acceleration during trial 3 was -1.081 m/s^2. The mean of the IO lab’s acceleration averaged over the 3 trials is -1.074 m/s^2 with the average standard deviation being 0.2460 m/s^2. Using the standard deviation value and number of trials, it can be determined that the standard error is 0.1420 m/s^2 (0.2460/√3), thus making the true value estimate -1.074 ∓ 0.1420 m/s^2 ( μ ± δμ) . The average u s for trial 1 is -2.431, trial 2 is -2.222, and trial 3 is -2.368. The mean u 𝑘 𝑘 for all 3 trials is 2.340. The standard deviation is 0.088. We determined the standard error to be 0.051 making the true value estimate to be 2.340 ∓ 0.051 m/s^2 ( μ ± δμ) . Discussion Starting with Newton's second law formula, F=ma , we used F=fk because this experiment only has a friction force operating in the x direction. We then applied the equation fk=ukN to include uk, yielding the equation ukN=ma . By isolating uk on one side of the equation and recognizing that N=W=mg , we altered the equation to get uk=ma/mg . We then simplified the final equation by removing the m value from the numerator and denominator, resulting in uk=a/g . The IOLab slowed over time and eventually stopped (v=0), suggesting that there was a force pushing against the velocity in the positive direction and a negative acceleration. Conclusion We calculated the coefficient of kinetic friction to be 0.1096 using the equations. In the future, we can expand our experiment by measuring acceleration on an incline. This would require taking into account both the x and y components for various values. It may be useful to compare the results of this experiment to those of an experiment conducted on a different surface, such as ice or a sidewalk. Group Member Contributions Sophia wrote introduction and discussion
Nishi wrote methods calculations and analysis Laura collected data and wrote conclusion and helped with the calculations
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