LAB 1_ WAVES INTRO

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Oklahoma State University *

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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LAB 1: WAVES INTRO Please study wave concepts and answer the following questions. 1. What is a wave? What is the difference between wave motion and particle in motion? What are the characteristics of mechanical waves? A wave is a change from the equilibrium position of one or more fields and it repeats itself around a stable equilibrium value. Characteristics of mechanical waves are: They need a medium, and they cannot transfer energy through a vacuum. They need some source of disturbance and a physical mechanism through which elements of medium can influence each other. 2. What is a sine wave or sinusoidal wave? Write the general form of sine wave and define each term. If y(x, t) = 0.150 sin(20x – 60t) m, find the frequency and speed of this wave. A sine wave is a mathematical curve that shows a smooth periodic waveform, and it is a continuous wave. General form: Asin(-wt++kx) A = amplitude W = frequency = phase of the wave y = displacement of the wave from reference point k = wave vector ?(?,t) = 0.150 sin(20? - 60t)m Frequency= w/2pi = 60/(2*3.14)=9.55 Speed= w/k = 60/20 = 3m/s 3. The measurement for sine wave of water, y displacement (waterlevel) as function of time t (x-axis), is shown below. Find the period T based on the information in the Figure below. Calculate the frequency by f = 1/T (Hz). Period(T)= 2 sec Wavelength= 2 cm Frequency= 1/T= 0.5 Speed of the wave= 0.5*2= 1m/s 4. The measurement for sine wave of water, y displacement (waterlevel) as function of position x (horizontal axis), is shown below. Find the wavelength λ based on the information in the Figure below. Calculate the speed of wave using T from question 3 by ʋ = λ /T.
Part B Lab Go to PhET website. Click on Simulation/Physics. Under Physics, choose Sound & Wave. Under Sound & Wave, Waves Intro is the last simulation (Location might change. Sort with A-to-Z search.). Click to run the Waves Intro. Test and understand all functional tools on screen. You must practice figuring out what is the best way to complete the measurement. Data Table 1: Measure Water Wave Wavelength λ, Period T, and Speed ʋ. Basic Operation Procedures Using Waves Intro/Water Simulation: 1. Go to PhET website. Click on Simulation/Physics. Under Physics, locate the Waves Intro simulation (sort by A-to-Z search.). Click to run Waves Intro/Water. 2. Set frequency scale to f2 (the 2nd mark on Frequency slider) and amplitude to the middle, as shown in Sample Figure 1. Place check marks on Graph (under the Amplitude) and Side View (bottom-left screen). Press the Green Button on the faucet to run the water wave. 3. Drag Scope (top right) out of toolbox and Place both Probes (overlap them to see one single wave on scope) at the end of the wave. Press (║) (or ►) to freeze wave pattern. Measure period T (sample 2.5 s) from Scope based on the scale of time (or use timer). 4. Drag Ruler to measure wavelength λ (sample 4.1 cm). First data row f2 is shown and recorded in Table 1 as a sample. 5. Calculate speed of wave using ʋ = λ /T (cm/s) (sample v = 1.6 cm/s). 6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 for setting Frequency Slider on f5, f7, and f10, respectively. Record your data in Data Table 1. Attach screenshots of each Simulation data to the lab report. Data Table 1: Measure Water Wave Wavelength λ, Period T, and Speed ʋ. Set the Amplitude to middle. Varying Frequency Setting f and complete the rest of data as sample row 1 shown in Data Table 1. Attach screenshots of each Simulation data to Lab Report. Setting f λ (cm) T (s) f=1/T(Hz) ʋ=λ/T (cm/s Freq f2 4.1 2.5 0.40 1.6 Freq f5 6.4 4.00 0.25 1.60 Freq f7 2.7 1.64 0.61 1.65 Freq f10 1.7 1.00 1.00 1.70
Question: Does the speed of wave depend on frequency f? Explain the physics. No. The frequency does not change the speed. The speed is constant. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength since water speed is the product of wavelength and frequency. Data Table 2: Measure Sound Wavelength λ, Period T, and Speed ʋ. Basic Operation Procedures Using Waves Intro/Sound Simulation: 1. Go to PhET website. Click on Simulation/Physics. Under Physics, locate the Waves Intro simulation (sort by A-to-Z search.). Click to run Waves Intro/Sound. 2. Set frequency scale to f2 (the 2nd mark on Frequency slider) and amplitude to the middle, as shown in Sample Figure 2. Place check marks on Graph (under the Amplitude), Waves, and Top View (bottom-left screen). Press the Green Button on the speaker to run the sound wave. 3. Drag Timer out of toolbox (using Timer to measure period T,this time). Control Timer and Measure time for 10 period time (wave proceeding 10 times up and down), t10, (sample 37.88 ms = 37.9 x10−3 s). Press (║) (or ►) to freeze wave pattern, after you measured the 10-period time. Record t10 and calculate/record the period by T = t10 /10 (sample 3.79 x10−3 s). 4. Drag Ruler to measure wavelength λ (sample 128cm=1.29m). First data row f2 is shown and recorded in Table 2 as a sample. 5. Calculate frequency f by f=1/T(sample 264Hz)and speed of sound wave using ʋ = λ /T (m/s) (sample v = 338 m/s).
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6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 for setting Frequency Slider on f5, f7,and f10,respectively. Record your data in Data Table 2. Attach screenshots of each Simulation data to lab report Data Table 2: Measure Sound Wave Wavelength λ, Period T, and Speed ʋ. Set Amplitude to the middle. Varying Frequency Setting f and complete the rest of data as shown as sample row 1 in Data Table 2. 1 ms = 1x10−3 s. Attach screenshots of each Simulation to Lab Report. Setting f λ (m) t10 (s) 1 ms = 1x10−3 s T = t10 /10 (s) f = 1/T (Hz) ʋ = λ /T (m/s) Freq f2 1.28 37.9x10^-3 3.79x10^-3 264 338 Freq f5 153.8 40.83 4.08 0.25 37.70 Freq f7 102.8 26.98 2.70 0.37 38.07 Freq f10 77.2 20.14 2.01 0.50 38.41 Question: Does the speed of wave depend on frequency f? Explain the physics. No. The frequency does not change the speed. The speed is constant. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength since water speed is the product of wavelength and frequency.
Part C Discovery Beyond what you have done with Water and Sound, make a few new findings using Light Simulation, or give real life examples for waves. You can express your findings by data table, word, equations, and/or screenshot graph/Video, but do give physics explanations. You could also design meaningful experiments and show them in the report. In Part C a minimum of 10 sentences are required. In real life, sound waves are very important. They help animals, including humans, to communicate. Most animals use sounds to help them detect dangers and hazards before they happen. For example, whale voices can travel nearly 500 miles through waters in order to communicate with each other.

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