Lab 5 Energy Olympics

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Northern Virginia Community College *

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100

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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6

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The Energy Olympics Physics 101 At the end of the lab experiment please clean your table and wait for the instructor to check you out. All the group partners must be present. Thank you. Welcome, one and all, to the Physics Olympics. In this lab, you will engage in exercises to investigate work, energy and power. Let's review the topics we'll need. Equipment : Bathroom Scale (on the instructor bench in front of the lab) Meter Stick Tape Measure Timer (use phone or watch) Background : Work - Force multiplied by distance (measured in Joules). If you push on an object and make it move, you are creating energy in that system, because work and energy are equivalent to one another. If you push on an object but it doesn't move, then you are not creating any energy. Work = Force x Distance Potential Energy - Energy that is stored in a system, usually due to its position/location (measured in Joules). For example, if you raise an object up against gravity and hold it there, the work you did on the system is naturally converted to potential energy. This potential energy stays in the system until it is released and used. There are many kinds of potential energy, but the kind we will use in this lab is gravitational potential energy, which is the potential energy created when you move an object against gravity. Other kinds of PE would include elastic potential energy (created when you stretch or compress elastic material), etc. Potential Energy = (Mass) x (acceleration due to gravity) x (height) = mgh Remember, in this case the value for "g" is + 9.8m/s 2 , not -9.8m/s 2 . Power - The rate at which you create or use energy (measured in Watts). For example, a 60 Watt light bulb consumes energy at a certain rate, namely 60 Joules of energy every second. Conversely, if you raise an object a certain height (thus creating potential energy) in a certain amount of time, you are creating energy at a certain rate. Power = energy/time or work/time In this lab, because you are creating potential energy, the formula you will need for power is Power = mgh/time
Procedure : Break into groups of 3 and decide on 6 different exercises you wish to perform and who will do them. Each person should do 2 exercises. Possible exercises include: push ups sit ups leg raises step ups squats arm raises calf raises chair dips lunges Get creative and come up with your own!! In each of these exercises, you will be calculating the potential energy created during one repetition of the exercise. To do so, you need to do two things: 1. Measure the height change of the exerciser from the bottom position of the exercise to the top position of the exercise. For example, if the exerciser is doing pushups, have the person get into the lower position, measure the height of their shoulder from the floor, then have them push up to the upper position and see where their shoulder is now. The difference between these two heights will be the height change during one repetition of the exercise. 2. Find the mass for the calculation. This involves two parts: a. Finding the mass of the person doing the exercise. If you know your body weight in pounds, divide this number by 2.2 to find your mass in kilograms. b. Estimate how much of your body mass you are raising with the exercise you are doing. For example, in a calf raise, you raise your entire body (except for your toes), so you can estimate using your entire body mass. However, a pushup can be estimated to use about half of your body mass. Use your best judgment for each exercise.
i. Helpful table for calculating mass: Percentages of Total Body Weight Segment Males Females Average Head 8.26 8.2 8.23 Whole Trunk 55.1 53.2 54.15 Thorax 20.1 17.02 18.56 Abdomen 13.06 12.24 12.65 Pelvis 13.66 15.96 14.81 Total Arm 5.7 4.97 5.335 Upper Arm 3.25 2.9 3.075 Forearm 1.87 1.57 1.72 Hand 0.65 0.5 0.575 Forearm & Hand 2.52 2.07 2.295 Total Leg 16.68 18.43 17.555 Thigh 10.5 11.75 11.125 Leg 4.75 5.35 5.05 Foot 1.43 1.33 1.38 Leg & Foot 6.18 6.68 6.43 Table Data: Plagenhoef et al., 1983 Take data for each exercise and enter it into the table below. Different exercises can be done by different people or the same person can do each one. Perform each exercise for 20 seconds and see how many you can do. Or, take it easy if you prefer. Clean Up : o Lay meter stick and tape measure in the center of the row. o Make sure bathroom scale has been returned to the instructor’s bench in the front of the lab.
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The Physics Olympics – Data Sheet Physics 101 Name: Fajar Alim Date: 02/24/2024 Exercise Height change (m) Estimated mass (kg) PE for single repetition (J) PE = mgh Number of repetitions in 20 seconds Total energy created Power output (Watts) Sit-ups 0.60 40kg 235 J 10 2,350 J 118 watts Squats 0.38 40kg 149 J 13 1,937 J 97 watts Calf raises 0.08 75kg 59 J 20 1,180 J 59 watts Filling in the table : To calculate the potential energy (PE) in a single repetition, multiply the estimated mass by the height change and by g (9.8m/s 2 ). To calculate the total energy created, multiply the potential energy from a single repetition by the number of repetitions done in 20 seconds. To find the power output, divide the total potential energy created during all the repetitions by the total time (20 seconds).
The Physics Olympics – Problem Sheet Physics 101 Name: Fajar Alim Date: 02/24/2024 1) Which exercise was the most difficult (as in, you were able to do the fewest repetitions)? Why might that be? Explain in terms of the physics of the situation. I did the fewest repetitions in sit-ups because when I went up, the height was bigger or further than when I was in the starting position. It required the most energy to do. 2) In which exercise did the person create the largest amount of potential energy in a single repetition? What makes that true? Sit-ups had the most potential energy because the height change was the biggest of the three exercises. It makes it accurate because the call rises had the least potential energy. After all, it had the lowest height change. 3) Which exercise had the highest power output? Why? Sit-ups had the most significant power output because they had the biggest height change and PE. Sit-ups required the most effort/energy to do. 4) Name three ways to increase the power output from a particular exercise. Explain why each change results in a power increase. Power output can be increased by increasing the number of repetitions done and doing the exercise faster. Increasing mass would also increase power output because PE would increase total energy. Increase in height because this would increase the PE and the total energy used since the height would be more considerable, increasing total power output. 5) A single Oreo cookie contains about 53 food calories. If 1 food calorie is equal to 4,184 Joules, how many repetitions of your best (fastest) exercise would you have to perform to work off the energy of a single Oreo?
1 cookie= 53 calories* 4184 J = 221,752 J Calf raises (fastest) 20 repetitions= 1180 J 59 J per repetitions 221,752/59= 3759reps Most efficient would be to do sit-ups 221,752/235= 944 reps. 6) What are the possible sources of error in this experiment? Possible errors would be measuring incorrectly or measuring from the wrong body part. Another possible error could be having the wrong mass.
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