Physics Pre-lab Energy-2

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Anna Vo Janet Kang Physics AL 02/20/24 Physics Pre-lab Energy Equations: gravity= m/s^2 Potential energy + kinetic energy = total energy Potential energy = (mass)(gravity)(height) Kinetic energy = ½ (mass)(velocity)^2 Exercise 1 The kinetic energy comes from the potential energy when you stretch the elastic band and it is released. The released band exerts a forc on the stone which propels it forward. The potential energy stored in the band is transformed into the kinetic energy of the stone as it accelerates. Exercise 2 a) Potential energy = (mass)(gravity)(height) mass= 50 g = 0.05 kg Gravity = 9.81 m/s^2 Height: 0.34 m PE= 0.167 J b) r = R (sin( θ)) R= 2 m θ = 30* r= 2(sin(30*)) = 1 m c) Because energy can not be created or destroyed Potential energy (initial)= Kinetic energy (Final) So the equation we will use is: (mass)(gravity)(height) = ½ (mass)(velocity)^2 0.167 J = ½(0.05 kg)(v)^2 6.68 = v^2 Velocity = 2.58 m/s Exercise 3 Data Points Time Distance Velocity height Kinetic Energy Potential Energy 1 0.85 1.875 0.399 0.0025 0.017193708 0.0052974 2 1.25 1.727 -0.474 0.00546 0.024265008 0.0115695216 3 1.4 1.666 -0.394 0.00668 0.016765488 0.0141546528 4 1.6 1.593 -0.297 0.00814 0.009526572 0.0172483344

Anna Vo Janet Kang Physics AL 02/20/24 5 2.05 1.477 -0.198 0.01046 0.004234032 0.0221643216 6 2.25 1.443 -0.138 0.01114 0.002056752 0.0236052144 7 2.95 1.4 -0.35 0.012 0.01323 0.02542752 8 3.85 1.514 0.214 0.00972 0.004945968 0.0205962912 9 4.4 1.674 0.426 0.00652 0.019599408 0.0138156192 10 4.9 1.866 0.313 0.00268 0.010580652 0.0056788128 Block height b (m) Distance between Legs (m) Glider reflector mass (kg) 0.02 1 0.216

Anna Vo Janet Kang Physics AL 02/20/24 Exercise 4 a) Kinetic Energy vs. Potential Energy plot b) An interesting thing about the plot is that the potential energy curve forms a parabola that concaves downward while the kinetic energy curve forms a parabola that concaves upward. This supports our idea that the total energy in the system remains constant but the magnitudes of our potential and kinetic energies are changing. The lines cross at around time= 1.5s which means that the amount of kinetic energy and potential energy are close to equal. When potential energy is at its highest point, kinetic energy is at its lowest. Exercise 5 a) Yes, our data does support the law of conservation of energy because we see a proportional relationship between potential and kinetic energy. If the initial potential energy in the glider is being transformed into kinetic energy, then we should observe that as the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy increases and vice versa. Since no energy is being lost or made, our highest magnitude of potential energy should be equal to our lowest magnitude of kinetic energy. b) Based on our graph where time and total energy (J) are our variables, we observe that our highest magnitude of kinetic energy from all the data points is 0.0246J and our highest magnitude of potential energy from all our data points is 0.0236J. Using the equation Total Energy = PE + KE, it allows us to come to the conclusion that our total energy never exceeds 0.0246J and that no energy is lost or created, just transformed into different types of energy.

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Anna Vo Janet Kang Physics AL 02/20/24 Exercise 6 a) One significant source of error with this lab could be the delay between the start time of our sonic ranger and when our glider is actually released. Our group attempted to eliminate this by pressing the START button on our sonic ranger a few moments after releasing the glider. Since the sonic ranger would only be able to record data for a certain amount of time, we had to be able to fit all of our necessary data points into the plot. We were also able to fix this by starting our sonic ranger a few moments after releasing the glider. b) When the glider hits the rubber band, the kinetic and potential energies right when the glider changes direction are at 1.4 seconds which can observe from the shared satpoints between both trendlines for kinetic and potential energy. It is where the to lines meet which indicates a change in direction. This also occurs at a different point in the graph which is at around 4.5 seconds. c) The energy lost is absorbed by the rubber band and also the potential energy becomes transferred to kinetic energy. Exercise 7 a) The main points of this lab were to observe the changes within the potential and kinetic energy in regards to height and distance. We also were able to observe the law of conservation and how energy is converted in respects to how much energy is released. According to thai law energy can neither be created nor destroyed which we were able to see through our proportional data points.

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