ProjectileMotion

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Projectile Motion : Name: Janette rudnitskiy This lab uses the Projectile Motion simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations at University of Colorado Boulder, under the CC-BY 4.0 license. https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/projectile-motion/latest/projectile-motion_en.html Learning Goals: Students will be able to ● Predict how varying initial conditions affect a projectile path ● Use reasoning to explain the predictions. ● Explain projectile motion terms in their own words. ● Describe why using the simulation is a good method for studying projectiles. Pre-Lab Questions (2pts) 1. What is a projectile? a.)A projectile is an object thrown or propelled into the air with an initial force, subject to the force of gravity and air resistance. It follows a curved path known as a trajectory. Examples include thrown rocks, launched missiles, or a kicked soccer ball. 2. Describe a trajectory. a.) A trajectory is the path followed by a moving object, like a projectile, as it travels through space. It is typically curved due to external forces such as gravity and air resistance. Trajectories can be described mathematically and are influenced by the initial velocity, launch angle, and other factors. Everyday Physics in your life: (4pts) 1. As you get ready for bed, you roll up one of your socks into a tight ball and toss it into the laundry basket across the room. Then, you try to toss the other sock without rolling it up. Give four things (factors) that determine whether your socks land in or outside the basket? a.)1. Initial velocity: The speed and direction at which you throw each sock will influence its trajectory and likelihood of landing in the basket. 2. Launch angle: The angle at which you release the sock affects its flight path. A well-aimed toss with an appropriate angle increases the chance of landing in the basket. 3. Air resistance: The interaction between the sock and the air can alter its trajectory. A more streamlined, less fluffy sock might experience less air resistance, making it easier to aim page1

accurately. 4. Distance to the basket: The distance between you and the laundry basket influences the time the sock spends in the air. Longer distances provide more opportunity for external factors to affect the trajectory. Use the PHET simulation set as shown in this screenshot to test your ideas about the things that affect the landing location of a projectile. You will use the cannonball for all the activvites. List the things that affect the landing site of a projectile including your ideas from question #1 and any discoveries you made using the simulation. (4pts  the air resistance  velocity  force and angle  speed and height a. Next to each item, briefly explain why you think the landing location changes. cannonball - the landing location changes because of the angle it is shot and the speed it is being shot at changes the direction in which in the cannonball lands, and also the shape since its round the air will speed up the velocity tank shell- the landing changes because of the shape which is why the tank shell travels further up and also the angle and speed change the location of the landing Golf ball - the landing changes because of the height and speed the golf ball is shot at,since the ball is a small object the ball will take longer to land baseball - the landing changes because of the speed and height is the ball is shot at a high speed it will travel up and father from the target Football -the landing changes because of the angle speed and height and also the shape which makes the ball spin which increases the velocity changes the direction in which the ball will land Pumpkin - landing changes due to the height and speed that the pumpkin it shot at, and because of the mass which requires more force/speed to be able to fly higher and page2

hit the target Human - the speed and height changes the location landing, if the speed is high the person will travel higher in the sky,which will change the landing on the target and will be more accurate Piano - the speed,angle and height changes the landing because of the mass of the object if it has more speed it’ll go height and closer to the target Car - the height speed angle and distance will change the location landing of the car and any other object. 2. Describe in your own words why using the simulation is a good method for studying projectiles. Include the error sources the simulation eliminates (or minimizes) and what representations the simulation provides that are helpful. (2pts) a.) Using simulations for studying projectiles is beneficial because they provide a controlled virtual environment that allows for detailed analysis. Simulations help eliminate or minimize real-world errors like air resistance and variations in initial conditions. These inaccuracies can be challenging to control in practical experiments but are more easily managed in a simulated setting.Simulations offer visual representations of projectile motion, enabling a clear understanding of trajectories under different conditions. They allow for precise adjustments to parameters like initial velocity and launch angle, facilitating the exploration of various scenarios. Additionally, simulations provide quantitative data, such as velocity and position at different time intervals, aiding in the accurate analysis of projectile behavior. 3. Test your understanding and self-check : For each question, predict your answer and support your answer with an explanation. Then use PHET simulation to verify and add screen captures to your explanation. page3

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a. Prediction and explanation with support (4pts) a.) B will go farther,because the angle is lower,which will cause the car to travel farther page4

b. Prediction and explanation with support (4pts) a.) c because the initial speed, mass and diameter are the same even if they have different angles page5

c. Prediction and explanation with support (4pts) a.) a will go higher because the angle is painting more towards there’s sky which is why the car will go higher because the angle is more vertical then horizontal, if it were more horizontal it will be the same height as B page6

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d. Prediction and explanation with support (4pts) a,) C because they both have the same speed and angle which is why they will travel the same distance. page7

e. Prediction and explanation with support (4pts) a.) B the tank shell will go farther because of the air resistance and it is smaller ( it has a pointy shape, which will make it go farther then the car. page8

f. Prediction and explanation with support (4pts) a.)B, like I said in question 5 the tank shell has a pointy shape, which will help it travel higher and farther then the car. page9

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g. Prediction and explanation with support (4pts) a.) C they will go the same distance because its just a little difference between 015 and 0.10 4. Simulation 2: Shoot Angle and Horizontal Distance Procedure 1. Set shoot height to 1 m by right clicking the (+) sign on the launcher, hold and drag it down, Initial speed to 20 m/s, and shoot angle to 0º by right clicking the tip of launcher and rotating it. Select the red button to fire and rubber button to erase. Click “ to refresh. 2. Use the tape measure to measure the maximum height of the cannonball ball and the horizontal distance the ball travels. To use the tape measure, right click, hold and drag it to the base of the launcher. Tape measure has two (+) signs. The first (+) will be placed on the starting point. Right click, hold and drag the other end of the tap measure and place the (+) tip directly on top the point to be measured. Record your measurements in Table 1. 3. Increase the angle kick angle by 5º–10º, and repeat the experiment. Continue until you have representative data for kick angles between 0º and 80º. page10

Observations and Analysis (3pts) Table 1 (Shoot height = 1 m; Initial speed = 20 m/s) Kick Angle (º) Horizontal Distance (m) Maximum Height (m) 0 9.15 1 10 18.27 1.61 20 28.72 3.39 25 33.25 4.64 30 36.97 6.1 35 39.69 7.7 40 41.31 9.42 45 41.75 11.19 50 40.98 12.96 60 35.88 16.29 70 26.57 19 80 14.12 20.77 If you double the throw angle, will the distance the ball travels double? Explain. (1.5pts) a.) it will not, it will only increase the travel distance up to 45 degrees and any single higher than that will increase the height and not the distance Explain what happens to the horizontal and the vertical velocities of a projectile during its flight. (1.5pts) a.) the angle will increase up to 45 degrees the travel distance increases and angles higher than 45 degrees will increase the height of the projectiles traveling path. page11

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