Lab 3 Rotational Energy

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Oregon State University, Corvallis *

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202

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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Lab 3 Notebook | Rotational Energy Name: Shannon Box Folder Link: https://oregonstate.box.com/s/25y4t79qpot5qqph5yg0wmv3arpka3li Purpose: Equipment checklist: Data Collected from previous lab MS Excel Part A: Pre-lab Reflection PA.Q1: What types of energy do you expect to be present in the mass, string, gyroscope, and Earth system from the previous lab? Kinetic Energy (KE): Translational Kinetic Energy: KEtrans=1/2mv2 Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE): Depending on the height above the ground, mass and gyroscope will contain GPE Gravitational Potential Energy: Ug=mgh Rotational Kinetic Energy (RKE): when the gyroscope is spinning it stores RKE. Rotational Kinetic Energy: KErot=12Iω2 PA.Q2: What type of energy has the largest contribution to the total energy at the moment the mass is released? Do you expect this type of energy to decrease, increase, or stay the same over time? Why? Largest contribution is GPE to the total energy at the moment the mass is released. I expect this type of energy to decrease over time while KE would increase because as the potential energy converts to kinetic energy because the mass acceleration slows down. GPE=mgh PA.Q3: Do you expect the total energy of the system to change over time? Why or why not? According to the conservation of energy, the system would remain constant over time. In principle that works but other elements like friction or resistance can cause the system to slow down over time. Yes, I expect the total energy of the system to decrease because the mass hits the ground and stops work to the system which gradually slows the system down over time. Part B: Access Previous Lab Data PB.F1: Insert a screenshot of your new Excel spreadsheet that includes all of the information listed in the lab manual below.

Part C: Identify Types of Energy PC.Q1: Name each type of energy present in the system and include the equation associated with that type of energy. Kinetic Energy (KE): associated with the motion of objects Translational Kinetic Energy: KEtrans=1/2mv2 Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE): Depending on the height above the ground, mass and gyroscope will contain GPE Gravitational Potential Energy: Ug=mgh Elastic Potential Energy (EPE): Stored EPE occurs when the thread has tension or is compressed Rotational Kinetic Energy (RKE): when the gyroscope is spinning it stores RKE. Rotational Kinetic Energy: KErot=12Iω2 PC.Q2: What are all the moving objects in this experimental system? What type(s) of energy (if any) is associated with each of those objects? Kinetic Energy moves the mass, string, and gyroscope when in motion. Mass has KE when spinning vertically or horizontally. String has KE when vibration from tension. The gyroscope has KE when spinning. PC.Q3: How do you expect each of the energies to vary over time (decrease, increase, or stay the same)? Why? Over time I expect the energies to decrease. As the moment of inertia increases the gyroscope energy output will decrease and causing its acceleration to slow down. PC.Q4: Do you have enough information to calculate each type of energy that you listed? If not, what information do you need? Yes, due to the relationship with translational equivalents. PC.A1: Calculate the initial potential energy of the system before the gyroscope or mass are set into motion. Set the origin of the coordinate system to be on the ground (i.e., is 0 ground level). Be sure to include all of your work in your lab notebook. Gravitational PE U=mgh (h) = height above the ground. As the system starts at ground level ((h = 0)), the initial potential energy ((U0)) is Since the system begins above the ground (h) and h=0, then I expect the initial potential energy to also be zero too. U0=(m)(g)(h0) PC.Q5: What do you expect the total energy of the system to be initially (provide a numerical value)? How do you expect the total energy to change over time? I expect the initial total sum of kinetic energy to be zero. Since potential energy is U=0 KE0 is also initially at rest =0. Therefore, E0=U0=0

Part D: Calculate Energies Through Time PD.F1: Insert a screenshot of your Excel spreadsheet with the table containing your calculated energy or energies that depend on below. Make sure that your table is well-labeled and easy to read. PD.A1: Write the translational velocity of the hanging mass, in terms of something you measured or calculated in the previous lab. Write an expression for the translational kinetic energy that does not depend on Be sure to show your work in your lab notebook. Translational kinetic energy = KE= 1/2mv^2 v=rw PD.Q1: Use sensemaking arguments to understand the resulting expression for . In particular, explain what variables in the translational kinetic energy equation changes as a function of time. As the string unwinds, how might this affect the effective axel radius? Theta - Angular Displacement (θ) , Omega - angular velocity (w), and Alpha - angular acceleration (a) are variables that change as a fx of time. As the string unwinds the axel radius the distance from the rotational axis increases the more that it unwinds, alpha = a/R PD.F2: Insert a screenshot of your Excel spreadsheet with the table containing the calculated translational kinetic energy for each time into your lab notebook Make sure that your table is well-labeled and easy to read. PD.A2: Rewrite gravitational potential energy ( ) in a way that does not depend on , but rather and . Be sure to show your work in your lab notebook. h=hinitial−d Ug=mg(h(initial)+mgd H(initial)= initial height d= distance fallen

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PD.Q2: Use sensemaking arguments to help you understand the resulting expression for . How does this equation compare to the expression you found for ? Specifically, how does appear in both expressions? In the equation above it contains both of the dimensions of height and distance and in contrast, the translational kinetic energy equation does not utilize (d) as a calculating variable. The presence of (d) in both expressions demonstrates the vertical displacement of the fall. PD.F3: Insert a screenshot of your Excel spreadsheet with the table containing your calculated values below Make sure that your table is well-labeled and easy to read. Part E: Plot Energies PE.F1: Add to your notebook a plot of the individual energies, as well as the total energy, vs. time. This should be one plot with multiple data series. Be sure to include a title, legend, and axis labels. PE.Q1: What are the benefits of plotting all of these data on the same plot? What relationships can you see between each type of energy? The benefits for plotting all these data on the same plot is visual comparisons simultaneously of the different types of energy. Visualization of the transformations of energy over time enable better identification of correlations and specific patterns. The relationships that can be seen between each type of energy is seeing how the energy contributes as a whole to the total energy. Relationships can also been seen between the changes in energy by comparing and contrasting discrepancies or similarities within those changes. PE.Q2: Does the plot of total energy agree with your prediction in PA.Q3? Describe the behavior of the total energy of the system as a function of time. By what percent does the total energy change from your answer to PC.A1? No, my plot will not show my prediction from PA.Q3. PE.Q3: Which energies contribute most to the total energy of the system? Do some energies contribute more to the total than others? Why? Rotational kinetic and gravitational potential energy. PE.Q4: If one energy contributes far less than the others, what aspect of the experimental setup could you change to make it contribute more? Changing the mass or velocity would contribute more.

Part F: Summarize and Reflect Weekly Group Meeting : Connect with your lab group members in your Teams channel and review the experiments you performed. Summarize your lab group meeting below and include details about each of the questions below. ○ Who did you meet with and how (Zoom, Teams chat synchronously/asynchronously, etc.) ○ Reflect on the questions or experiments with your group. Which of the questions or experiments was most interesting, challenging, or confusing? What about it do you think made it so rich? ○ Explain any other differences in the work you performed with that from other group members. ○ What is something you learned from a member of your group? ○ Who did you meet with and how (Zoom, Teams chat synchronously/asynchronously, etc.) Alexa, Chandler, and I met via Microsoft teams synchronously on Friday. ○ Reflect on the questions or experiments with your group. Which of the questions or experiments was most interesting, challenging, or confusing? What about it do you think made it so rich? One aspect of this week's meeting that was enriching was our ability to communicate our confusion effectively and then unify with problem solving. This week there was some uncertainty with the some of the wording in section D and we were unsure how to interpret was required on the spreadsheet. Together, we were talk about what made sense and what didn't. Finding solutions together definitely helps with the growth in confidence. ○ Explain any other differences in the work you performed with that from other group members. Some differences were also seen in writing the expression themselves. We all had some confusion with finding an expression when related to a different variable. Overall, Section D was the main topic of conversation. ○ What is something you learned from a member of your group? I is confirmed by the other group members ..... physics causes overthinking! Summary : Briefly summarize your results and analysis by describing your procedure, any strategies used, and what knowledge was gained. Specifically touch on the following points: ○ What can energy analysis tell us about a system? ○ What are some types of energy that might be present in small amounts that we didn't quantify in our analysis? ○ What is something you can understand about other systems of energy now that you've seen the full graph of energies from this system? ○ What can energy analysis tell us about a system? The energy analysis tells us the contributions of each energy in the system through time. It helps to provide understanding to energy efficiencies in the system compared to which energies being used within the system. . ○ What are some types of energy that might be present in small amounts that we didn't quantify in our analysis? Elastic Potential Energy (EPE): Stored EPE occurs when the thread has tension or is compressed ○ What is something you can understand about other systems of energy now that you've seen the full graph of energies from this system? Transfer of energy within the system. Self-Reflection: Write a concise paragraph reflecting on the lab exercise you've performed this week. Specifically discuss at least three of the following: ○ How long you spent on the lab 8 hours ○ One new thing you've learned Ug=mg(h(initial)+mgd ○ One thing that surprised you Difficulties with making plots. ○ Real-world examples of application Earth rotation's ○ Any difficulties you experienced writing expressions and getting plots to work. ○ Any unanswered questions you still have Finally, are all your files saved in Box?

Lab 3 Rotational Energy

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