lab 8

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Number of Group: 1 Names of your partners: Narda Zuniga & Hayley Melendez Lab Name: Kinetic and Potential Energy Preliminary questions 1. The ball at the top will be at rest since the velocity is zero. 2. Since the height will be almost zero the potential energy will be zero but since the ball still have velocity the ball has kinetic energy. 3. 4. 5.

6. The sum of kinetic and potential energy is constant. Part I Analysis: 1. Since the total energy is constant for most of the table it shows good conservation of energy. 2. Kinetic energy graph is similar to the velocity of the ball, when the ball is thrown the ball is accelerating and when the ball is falling the acceleration increases again due to gravity, shows the two peaks on the graph. 3. In potential energy graph the ball and the graph have the same movement. When the ball goes up the potential energy goes up and when the ball goes down, so does the graph. 4. When compared to the predictions made in the preliminary questions the potential graph was similar, but the kinetic graph did have some differences that were not expected. 5. Although in theory the energy should be conservative there are effects that can change that. In this aspect friction is an effect that can occur. Friction is a non-conservative force that can cause changes.

Graphs:

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Tables: Mass of Ball: 0.273 kg Position Time (s) Height (m) Velocity (m/s) PE (J) KE (J) TE (J) After Release 0.7326 0.497 3.4519 1.329 1.626 2.956 B/W release & top 0.9324 1.042 1.8116 2.787 0.448 3.2535 Top 1.0989 1.218 0.1266 3.258 0.002 3.260 B/W top & catch 1.2321 1.154 -1.0875 3.087 0.161 3.248 Before Catch 1.5318 0.397 -2.1167 1.061 0.612 1.672 Part II Analysis 1. The graph shows good conservation energy due to having constant total energy throughout the experiment. 2. In the kinetic energy graph, it has a peak at the push then it decreases and starts to increase again when coming back due to the angle. 3. In the potential energy graph, it is opposite to kinetic energy, when it goes up in kinetic it goes down in potential. 4. When comparing both graphs it is consistent due to understanding the laws that apply to kinetic and potential energy. Making the prediction consistent with the results. 5. With this information although having good conservation energy in this experiment there is also friction with the wheels on the cart that causes the cart to slow down and not allow for the full speed of the cart to occur.

6. The work on the cart is negative and the magnitude of the force is equal to the friction because the amount of the work done is equal to overcome friction. Therefore, the kinetic energy applied on the cart is negative. Graphs Tables Mass of Cart: 0.1655 kg

Position Time (s) Height (m) Velocity (m/s) PE (J) KE (J) TE (J) After Shove 0.6993 0.409 0.7824 0.046 0.051 0.097 B/W shove & top 1.4652 0.837 0.3373 0.095 0.009 0.104 Top 2.0646 0.937 0.0004 0.106 0.000 0.106 B/W top & catch 2.6640 0.842 -0.3185 0.096 0.008 0.104 Before Catch 3.4632 0.425 -0.7210 0.048 0.043 0.091

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