Report 7

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School

Florida Atlantic University *

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Course

2049L

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by Benn7887

Experiment 7 - 7.1: Induced emf, 7.2: Transformers Student name: Nicole Fernandez Pre-lab section: 1) 7.1 Introduction: Explain the theory behind this experiment in a paragraph between 75 and 150 words . (2 points) Suppose you are using external resources; include the reference. It would be best if you had any relevant formulas and explanations of each term. You may use the rich formula tools embedded here. Due to a change in magnetic flux, a magnet moving through a coil produces an electromotive force (emf). Faraday's law states that emf =- N(Δϕ/Δt), where N is the total amount of wire turns within the coil and (Δϕ/Δt) is the flux change rate for every turn. The emf's polarity, which is also called the direction of the current generated, is indicated by a negative sign. Lenz's law, which states that it opposes the cause of induction, additionally assists in establishing the direction of the current. The incoming flux in this experiment causes a peak in the emf when the magnetic flux rises. The connections to the voltage sensors determine the emf polarity. The software calculates the regions beneath peaks that indicate the overall flux changes, then records and shows the induced Emf vs the time. During the experiment, we investigated the link between ε = ∆ T / ∆Φ by measuring the emf produced by dropping a magnet through a coil using a voltage sensor. 2) 7.1 Hypothesis: In an If /Then statement, highlight the purpose of the experiment . (0.5 points) For instance: If two same shape objects with different masses are dropped from the same height, they will hit the ground simultaneously. If the magnet's direction changes when passing through a coil, the polarity of the induced EMF peaks changes with respect to the direction. 3) 7.2 Introduction: Explain the theory behind this experiment in a paragraph between 75 and 150 words . (2 points) This experiment looks at transformers, which are devices that use electromagnetic induction to transmit energy across circuits. They function as dependable voltage converters, converting AC input to output levels. Transformers enhance the relationship between inductance by wrapping two electrically isolated coils around a high permeable core. Whenever an alternating current source engages the primary coil, it creates alternating flux in accordance with Faraday's law. This causes emf to be generated in both coils. Emf in the secondary coil generates an alternating current that powers linked electronics. Emf correlates to the rate of change of magnetic flux (∆Φ/∆t) and the number of turns (N), written as ε = ∆Φ/∆t. The Emf ratios in an ideal transformer coinc ide with the turn ratios, εs/εp = Ns/Np. This demonstrates the versatility of transformers in changing alternating current voltages by differentiating step-up and step-down transformers based on their primary and secondary coil turns. 4) 7.2 Hypothesis: In an If /Then statement, highlight the purpose of the experiment . (0.5 points)

If the amount of turns in the main coil is raised compared to the number of turns in the secondary coil, then the induced emf in the secondary coil will be lower than the emf in the primary coil. Post-lab section: 5) 7.1 Discussion: In a paragraph between 100 and 150 words, explain what you the results obtained in this experiment. What conclusion can you draw from the results of this lab assignment? (1.0 points) During this experiment, the findings demonstrated that whenever the magnet was dropped with its North pole facing downwards, the outgoing peak was bigger, but the contrary was found when the South pole faced downwards. Because of the increased speed at which the magnet is descending, the induced EMF grows as it travels across the solenoid as it leaves. This causes an increased velocity resulting in a smaller shift in time, resulting in a bigger EMF. In addition to the slower start velocity of the magnet, the EMF is significantly lower as it enters the coil. As a result, it is possible to deduce that the magnet's position has a substantial impact on the size of the generated EMF, having the greatest amounts happening whenever the North pole is pointing downwards throughout the experiment. The outcome shows an obvious connection between the magnet's orientation and its subsequent electromagnetic properties. 6) 7.1 Conclusion: In one sentence, compare the results of the experiment with your Hypothesis. Why? (0.5 point) The hypothesis that the magnet's orientation directly affects the strength and direction of the induced EMF is confirmed by an associated shift in the polarity of induced EMF peaks when the magnet's direction changes through the coil. 7) 7.2 Discussion: In a paragraph between 100 and 150 words, explain what you the results obtained in this experiment. What conclusion can you draw from the results of this lab assignment? (1.0 points) The findings of this experiment clearly revealed the anticipated actions of a transformer. The induced emf in the secondary coil was decreased when the number of turns in the main coil increased compared to the number of turns in the secondary coil. This proved the theory and demonstrated the transformer's step-up voltage conversion capacity. When the number of turns in the secondary coil was more than the number of turns in the main coil, the emf in the secondary coil exceeded that of the primary. This confirmed the capability of step-down voltage conversion. These findings highlight the importance of turn ratios in affecting voltage transformation in a transformer. 8) 7.2 Conclusion: In one sentence, compare the results of the experiment with your Hypothesis. Why? (0.5 point) The results of the experiment support my hypothesis, as increasing the number of turns in the main coil relative to the secondary coil resulted in a lower induced emf in the secondary coil compared to the emf in the primary coil, verifying the predicted outcome. 9) 7.1 Data Analysis: Attach an image of the lab manual pages containing tables with final calculated values, figures, plots, charts and responses to questions here. (2.5 points)

This should include: Table 1 Table 2 Excel plots and tables

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10) 7.1 Calculations: Attach an image all your calculation pages here . (0 point) This must include: Omit this section. Calculation pages must include the following: i. Label calculations for each table. ii. Write out formulas before plugging in measured values. iii. Values plugged into the formulas must contain units and proper number of significant figures (units must be written out throughout calculations). iv. Final calculated values recorded in tables and calculation pages must contain units and proper number of significant figures. All work for calculations must be shown to receive credit for data analysis. 11) 7.1 End of Experiment Questions: Attach an image of the data and instruction pages containing your responses to the end of experiment questions here. (1.7 points) Question 1: 0.1 points Question 2: 0.1 points Question 3: 0.1 points Question 4: each part 0.1 Question 5: 0.1 point Question 6: 0.1 point

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12) 7.2 Data Analysis: Attach an image of the data and instruction pages containing tables with final calculated values, figures, plots, charts and responses to questions here. (4.5 points) This should include: Table 1: 2.25 points Table 2: 2.25 points

13) 7.2 Calculations: Attach an image all your calculation pages here . (1 point) This must include: Table 1 frequency [f S ] : 0.25 point Table 1 voltage ratio [V S (ave) / V P ]: 0.25 point

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Table 3 phase difference [Δ phi]: 0.5 point Calculation pages must include the following: i. Label calculations for each table. ii. Write out formulas before plugging in measured values. iii. Values plugged into the formulas must contain units and proper number of significant figures (units must be written out throughout calculations). iv. Final calculated values recorded in tables and calculation pages must contain units and proper number of significant figures. All work for calculations must be shown to receive credit for data analysis.

14) 7.2 End of Experiment Questions: Attach an image of the lab manual pages containing your responses to the end of experiment questions here. (2.3points) Question 1: 1.35 points (everything except Δ phi: 0.1 point, Δ phi: 0.25 point) Question 2: 0.1 points Question 3: 0.05 + 0.1 points Question 4: 0.05 + 0.1 points Question 5: (a): 0.2, (b): 0.1 (c): 0.25

Lab reports must be written individually by each student from beginning to end. No credit will be given for copied work.

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