Kami Export - H-R Diagram lab Worksheet

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Clemson University *

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1020

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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H-R Diagram lab Worksheet These lab activities have evolved over years of use in Clemson University’s Department of Physics and Astronomy general astronomy laboratory. Contributors include Tom Collins, Mark Leising, Neil Miller, Peter Milne, Grant Williams, Donna Mullenax, Jessica Crist, Keith Davis, Amber Porter, Lea Marcotulli, and David Connick. Please direct all questions, complaints, and corrections to David Connick (dconnic@clemson.edu) who is responsible for all errors and omissions. Name ____________ Figure 1 Analysis 1) Where are the Red Giants located (i.e., what range of Luminosity and color or temperature)? 2) Name all the Red Giants in Figure 1. 3) Explain why stars in Figure 1 can have a larger “True Brightness” t han our brightest star, Sirius A. 4) What type of star is Sirius A’s companion, Sirius B? 5) In what category does our star the sun currently reside in? Read further in the instructions before answering the next set of questions. Figure 2 Analysis 6) Describe the distribution of bright stars on the H-R diagram in Figure2. What type of stars are present, and which are missing? 7) Describe the distribution of nearby stars on the H-R diagram in Figure 2. What type of stars are present, and which are missing? 8) Explain why the diagrams of these two groups of stars are different. Return to the instructions prior to answering the next set of questions. Structure of our Galaxy 9) With a view of the stars in the plane of the Milky Way galaxy analyze the H-R diagram, looking at where the stars are concentrated in the diagram. What are the

Luminosity and Spectral Type boundaries that you see for the group of stars in the diagram? 10) With a view of the stars far outside the plane of the Milky Way galaxy analyze the H- R diagram, looking at where the stars are concentrated in the diagram. What are the Luminosity and Spectral Type boundaries that you see for the group of stars in the diagram? 11) What do the differences in the H-R diagrams in the previous two questions tell you about the stars inside the galaxy compared to the stars outside the galaxy? (Think about lifetime of stars based on spectral class from the table in the introduction) Return to the instructions prior to answering the next set of questions. Open Clusters and Globular Clusters 12) Do open clusters appear to lie in/near the disk of the Milky Way? 13) Do globular clusters appear to lie in/near the disk of the Milky Way? 14) Look at the images in the info panel of the open clusters and compare them with images of globular clusters. What are the main differences between the two types of clusters visually? Return to the instructions for more information prior to answering the next set of questions. Age of Clusters 15) If the Sun were part of a cluster of stars that all formed at the same time and a distant observer noted that the Sun had begun to move off the main sequence, how old would that cluster be? Explain. 16) Which cluster is older, Praesepe or M67? Why? 17) What is the absolute visual magnitude of the turn off of Praesepe?

18) Roughly estimate the ages of both clusters: Praesepe- M67 – Return to the instructions for more information before answering the next set of questions. H-R Diagram of Beehive Cluster Copy the chart you create just below this line. ____________________________________________________________________________ 19) What is the distance to the Beehive cluster from Earth in light years? 20) What do you notice about the luminosities of the stars plotted compared to that of our own sun? 21) At what luminosity and Color Index values does the H-R diagram you created appear to “turn off” the main sequence? What does this tell you about the age of the cluster?

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