phys221 lab3

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Dec 6, 2023

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Laboratory Report 3 The goal of this lab is to be able to understand, interpret, and apply Newton’s law of motion by examining a few specific examples. This lab will increase my knowledge of acceleration of gravity and projectile motion. Describe the motion as the ball is falling. The ball rapidly falls downward towards the floor.  Estimate how long it takes the ball to reach the floor. The ball reaches the floor in about one second.  What can you say about the speed of the ball as a function of the distance it has already fallen? The ball falling speed would increase approaching the ground.  If you drop the ball from about half of your height, does it take approximately half the time to reach the floor? Yes, the ball took about half the time to reach the floor since the starting distance was closer to the ground. Experiment 1:  Describe your graph. Does it resemble a straight line? If not, what does it look like? The graph is not linear it is more like half of a decreasing parabola.  Was the ball moving with constant velocity? How can you tell? The ball was not moving with constant velocity since the graph is not linear, however it isn’t significantly different, so there most likely was a moment that the velocity was constant.

 Paste your velocity versus time graph (with trendline) into your log.  Describe your graph. Does it resemble a straight line? If not, what does it look like? The graph is not a straight line; however, it doesn’t deviate too much. There are some peaks and valleys, but they are relatively close to each other.  What value do you obtain for the acceleration of the ball? How does your experimental value of the magnitude of the acceleration compare to the accepted value of the magnitude of the acceleration of a free-falling object? The value I got for the acceleration of the ball from the graph is 10.305 m/s^2 and the experimental value is 9.8 m/s^2. Then using the formula|9.8 – 10.305|/9.8 * 100% = 5.15%  What factors do you think may cause your experimental value to be different from the accepted value? In other words, what are some possible sources of error? One possible error could have been using the online lab, clicking the ball on the simulation may have been a tad off and not completely accurate.  Paste your position versus time graph (with trendline) into your log.

 Does the polynomial of order 2 fit the data well? What value do you obtain for the acceleration of the ball from this fit? Yes, the polynomial of order 2 does seem to be a good fit for the data. The acceleration from this data would be 9.77 m/s^2 according to a=2b 1 Experiment 2:  Describe the graphs. Does one of the graphs resemble a straight line? If yes, what does this tell you? Yes, the position vs time graph regarding the x-axis produced a straight line. This means that velocity is constant.  What is the physical meaning of the slope of this graph? The slope of position vs time demonstrates the velocity of the ball at that given instant.  What do the coefficients b 1 and b 2 tell you? b 1 (-4.8484) represents half the acceleration of the ball and b 2 (2.4022) represents the velocity of the ball.  We can view the motion of a projectile as a superposition of two independent motions. Describe those two motions. The y graph of position represents the vertical motion of the ball because it shows the maximum height and minimum height the ball reaches. The x graph of position represents the horizontal motion because it shows the ball going from the start distance to final distance. Paste your graphs with trendlines into your log.

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Experiment 3: Construct a table as shown below. Insert this table into your log. surface θ max (degrees) μ s wood 15 0.26794919243 felt 18 0.32491969623 Comment on your results. Explain how you measured the angle θ max . After comparing how the wood and felt blocks interacted with the ramp at different angles, I used the PhyPhox app to determine the θ max values. I measured the angles of the ramp right before the blocks began to slide downward, using their respective heights and widths. Then, I used tan(θ)= height/width to calculate the μ s value and plugged that into tan(θ max )= μ s . Reflection: In experiment 1, I determined that when an object is dropped from a lower height, the force of gravity is weaker than when an object is dropped from a higher height. The slope from the position vs time graph from this experiment is the velocity. Then the slope from the velocity vs time graph indicates the acceleration. In experiment 2, I determined the X position vs time graph represents the distance traveled horizontally by the ball, and the Y position vs time graph represents the distance traveled vertically by the ball. From the Y position vs time graph, I can determine the maximum height the ball reaches. In experiment 3, I determined the θ max values and μ s values. This was accomplished by using the app PhyPhox on my phone to find the angles of the ramp before the block slid down. Then using the formulas, I plugged the information into the equation to solve. A possible source of error could have been the specific places in which the mouse was

clicked in reference to the ball on the simulation. Another possible source of error could have been the air within the video, due to us not neglecting air resistance A possible source of error could have been the specific places in which the mouse was clicked in reference to the ball on the simulation. Another possible source of error could have been the air within the video, due to us not neglecting air resistance

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