Lab7

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Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell *

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110

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by meggo1704

PHY 111 Lab 7: Conservation of Energy Objective:  Study the energy transfer for an object dropped from various height  Learn how the energy is transferred from one form to the other. Equipment:  Phyphox app on the phone, a ball, stopwatch, balance/scale, meterstick Introduction: Potential energy is energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to others. Gravitational potential energy is the energy possessed or acquired by an object due to a change in its position when it is present in a gravitational field. It can be calculated using formula PE = mgy Here m is the mass, g is the gravitational constant 9.81 m / s 2 , and y is the vertical position of the object. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. It can be calculated using equation KE = 1 2 m v 2 Here m is the mass of the object, v is the speed of the object. Energy is conserved if there is no nonconservative force (friction, air resistance, etc.) present. In such case, energy is converted from one form to another. Part 1: Energy Transfer In this part of lab, you will determine if the energy is conserved in a falling object. You will need a small object, likely a ball, meterstick, and a stop watch. Height 1 Height 2 Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time (s) Speed (m/s) Height (m) Potential Energy (J) Kinetic Energy (J) % difference Height 1 Height 2 1. Find the mass of ball using a scale . m = kg 2. Measure and record a height of between 1m-1.5m above the ground and mark it using a tape. Repeat for approximately 2m-2.5m above the ground.

3. From the height data, calculate the potential energy. 4. Drop the ball from each height three times and record the time of fall. 5. Find the average time. 6. Find the speed of fall using kinematic equation. This is the speed right before the object hit the ground. 7. Calculate the kinetic energy and record it in the table. 8. Calculate the percent difference between the PE at the beginning and the KE at the ground for the ball. Record it in the table. % diff = PE − KE PE × 100 9. Question: Is the energy conserved? Did the ball gained energy or lost? If it lost energy, where did the energy transferred to? Part 2: Energy Transfer Energy is transferred from one from to the another. For this part of the lab you will be using a ball and phyphox app on your phone. Download the free app and find a quiet place to perform the experiment. 1. Open the phyphox app and select (in)elastic collision. 2. Select settings and change the threshold to 0.05 au and minimum delay to 0.1 s. 3. Place the phone on a hard ground and hold a ball (12-15 inches) above the table. Make sure the ball does not bounce on the phone. 4. Select height on the app, press record and drop the ball. If the ball bounce five times, the height data will be filled for five heights (you might need to try multiple times so you have a good height data). Your data will be from one single run. In grey are example calculations, you must fill table for your data. Height # Height (m) PE per mass (J/kg) Energy ratio 0 0.4793 9.81*0.4793=4.702 1 0.2808 2.752 2.752/4.702= 0.585 2 0.1645 1.612 1.612/4.702=0.343 3 4 5 5. Calculate the potential energy per mass from the height ( PE m = gh ) and record it in the table. 6. Calculate the ratio of energy lost after each bounce. Which is energy per mass at nth bounce divided by the energy per mass it started with. E n E 0 For example, for the height number 2, the energy ratio will be E 2 E 0 .

7. Question: Is the energy conserved for the ball? If not, what is the energy transferred to?

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