Unit Test 4 Waves and Sound comp

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Name _________________________________________ Unit 4 Waves and Sound Test (50 points) Define the following terms: a. Beats – Beats are the periodic variations in sound intensity that occur when two sound waves of slightly different frequencies interfere with each other. b. Doppler Effect – The Doppler Effect is the change in frequency or pitch of a sound wave due to the relative motion between the source of the sound and the observer. c. Destructive interference – Destructive interference happens when two waves combine and their amplitudes subtract from each other, resulting in a decrease in the overall amplitude of the resulting wave. d. Refraction – Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another, caused by a change in its speed. e. Frequency – Frequency refers to the number of complete cycles or oscillations of a wave that occur in a given time period, usually measured in hertz (Hz). f. Antinode- An antinode is a point of maximum amplitude or displacement in a standing wave, where constructive interference occurs. 1. Complete the table comparing transverse to longitudinal waves Transverse Longitudinal Sketch 2 Parts Shear waves Compression waves How it vibrates compared to motion Perpendicular Parallel Example Light waves Perpendicular

2. Describe one main difference between mechanical and non-mechanical waves. One main difference between mechanical and non-mechanical waves is that mechanical waves require a medium, such as air or water, to propagate, while non-mechanical waves, like electromagnetic waves, can travel through a vacuum, such as outer space. 3. Complete the statements about the lab simulation from class. a. As light travels from a less dense substance into a more dense substance, its velocity decreases and it bends Towards the normal. b. According to the Doppler Effect, a higher frequency is heard if the observer moves closer to the source of the frequency or the source of the frequency moves closer to the observer. 4. A sheet of glass has an index of refraction n glass = 1.36. Assume that the index of refraction for air is n air = 1.00 . Light is incident on the sheet of glass at an angle of incidence of 60°, as shown in the figure below. a. Calculate the speed of the light in the glass. The speed of light in a medium is given by the formula v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and n is the index of refraction. So, the speed of light in the glass would be v = (3.00 x 10^8 m/s) / 1.36 ≈ 2.21 x 10^8 m/s b. Explain why the light slows down when entering the glass. Light slows down when it enters glass because the glass is denser than air. This higher density means that the light waves interact more with the atoms in the glass, which slows down their progress.

c. On the diagram below, draw a sketch of the reflected ray that bounces back into the air and a sketch of the refracted ray that travels into the glass. Make sure to label each 60 degre 5. Draw on the diagram and label the period and amplitude of the wave on the diagram below. Using the information from the above graph (Show all work) , a) From the graph, determine the period of the wave. The period of the wave from the graph is 0.5 seconds b) Calculate the frequency of the wave. 1/0.5 = 2 HZ the frequency is 2 HZ 1 . 30

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c) If the wave travels at 0.35 m/s, what is its wavelength? 0 .35/2 = .175 m The wavelength is o.175m 6. Which airplane is moving faster, a or b? Explain why you selected this answer. Airplane B is moving faster because in the Time it took air plane b to travel from the center of the cirlcle to where it is airplane A didn’t even get half as far in the same amount of time. 7. For the diagram to the right, two waves are going to overlap. Rank the interference patterns from the largest combined amplitude to the smallest combined amplitude. Largest to smallest. A > C > D > B List all of the letters that are destructive interference. B and D

8. A standing wave pattern is shown on a string that has a length of 2 m. a) How many nodes are present in the diagram? 3 b) How many antinodes are present in the diagram? 2 c) If the frequency to cause this pattern is 4 Hz, what is the speed of the wave on the string? 4 Hz × (2m / 2.5) = 3.2 m/s.

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