Lab 9 - Wave on a String Lab

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Lone Star College Physics 1401 Name: ______________________ Date: _________ Lab 9 – Wave on a String Lab Objectives To understand the wave properties frequency, wave speed and wavelength, and to understand what determines those properties. Procedure Set-Up • Go to the PhET simulation https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/wave-on-a-string • Hit the Pause Button • Select “Oscillate” in the upper left -hand corner. • Select “No End” in the upper right -hand corner. • Move the “Damping” slider to “None”. • Select “Rulers” and “Timers” in the lower right -hand corner . Experiment 1: Measurement of Wave Speed 1. Move the frequency slider to 1.00 Hz. 2. Press “Play” . You should see the wave moving rather quickly to the right. 3. Press “Pause” just before the green particle at the origin is at its maximum (crest). Use the frame - by-frame button to the right of the Play/Pause button to move one forward one frame at a time until the green particle at the origin is exactly at a crest. 4. Now you will determine the wave speed in two ways: a. Direct Measurement: i. With the simulation still paused, press play on the stopwatch (it should not start timing until you start the simulation again). ii. Move forward frame-by-frame until the crest that was at the origin has moved to the right by some amount (the amount is up to you). iii. Record the distance moved by the crest in meters. (Ans:4pts) Distance moved: ___________________ iv. Record the amount of time, in seconds, that it took the crest to move that distance. (Ans:4pts) Time for crest to move: ____________________

2 v. Use these two values to determine the speed of the wave. Show your work below (Ans:4pts) b. Indirect Measurement using frequency and wavelength: i. Redo steps 2 and 3 such that the green particle at the origin is again at a crest. ii. Use the ruler to measure the wavelength of the wave. Record the value below in meters. (Ans:4pts) 𝜆 = iii. Use the frequency and the wavelength to calculate the speed of the wave. Show your work below. (Ans:4pts) 𝑣 = 5 . How do your two methods compare? Comment below. (Ans:4pts)

3 Experiment 2: Changing the Medium 1. Press play to let the wave continue and note qualitatively the speed of the wave as it moves. 2. Now move the “Tension” slider from “High” to the middle of the slider. By changing the tension, you are changing the physical properties of the string. In other words, you are changing the medium. Move the slider back and forth between High and Medium to get a feel for what changed about the wave. i. Did you notice the frequency of the wave change, or did it stay the same? If you are unsure, look only at the green particle at the origin and note how many times it goes up and down per second. Use the stopwatch to time it if needed. Answer below. (Ans:4pts) ii. ii. Did you notice the wave speed of the wave change, or did it stay the same? Remember that the wave speed is how fast the disturbance (most easily seen by the crests) moves forward. (Ans:4pts) 3. Based on your answers to 2i and ii, does the frequency depend on the medium or is it independent of the medium? (Ans:4pts) 4. Based on your answers to 2i and ii, does the wave speed depend on the medium or is it independent of the medium? (Ans:4pts) 5. Now we would like to determine whether the wavelength depends on the medium or not. Measure the wavelength of the wave when the Tension slider is at Medium. Write your answer below. (Ans:4pts) 𝜆 = 6. Compare this wavelength to the wavelength measured in Experiment 1 (step 4bii), when the Tension slider was on high. Based on this comparison, does the wavelength depend upon the medium or is it independent of the medium? (Ans:4pts)

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4 7. We would now like to calculate the wave speed when the Tension slider is on medium to verify our answer to step 2ii). Use the wavelength you measured in step 5 along with the frequency of the wave to calculate the wave speed. Show your work and write your answer below. (Ans:4pts) 𝑣 = 8. How does your wave speed with the tension set to medium compare with the wave speed when the tension was set to high? Did it go up or down when the tension was turned lowered to medium? (Ans:4pts) 9. Based on your answer to the previous step, is the wave speed directly or inversely proportional to the tension in the string? (Ans:4pts) Experiment 2: Changing the Source 1. With the simulation on pause, set the Tension slider back to High. 2. Change the frequency to 1.50 Hz. 3. Press play on the simulation. What do you notice about the rod (located at the origin) which is creating the wave (this is called the “source”)? How is it moving compared to when the frequency was set at 1.00 Hz? If you are unsure, go back and forth between 1.00 Hz and 1.50 Hz and compare. Use the stopwatch if needed. (Ans:4pts) 4. Does the frequency depend on the source, or is it independent of the source? Explain briefly below. (Ans:4pts) 5. With the frequency at 1.50 Hz, pause the wave and measure the wavelength of the wave. Record its value below. (Ans:4pts) 𝜆 =

5 6. Compare this wavelength to the wavelength when the frequency was 1.00 Hz and the tension was on high (step 4bii). Based on this comparison, does the wavelength depend on the source or is it independent of the source? Explain briefly. (Ans:4pts) 7. Based on your answer to step 6, does the wavelength depend on the source or is it independent of the source? (Ans:4pts) 8. Use your wavelength from step 5 and the frequency to calculate the wave speed of the wave with the frequency at 1.50 Hz and the tension on high. Show your work below. (Ans:4pts) 𝑣 = 9. Compare this wave speed to the wave speed when the frequency was 1.00 Hz and the tension was on high (step 4biii). Based on this comparison, does the wave speed depend on the source or is it independent of the source? Explain briefly. (Ans:4pts) 10. Based on what you have learned in this lab, fill out the following table regarding frequency, wave speed and wavelength. (Ans:4pts) Dependent on Frequency Wave Speed Wavelength Source Only? Medium Only? Both Source and Medium?

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