PHYS 2111 - Expt 2 2D Motion

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University of Memphis *

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2111

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Physics

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Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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4

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Motion in 2-Dimension: Projectile Motion Objective The purpose of this lab is to explore: • Trajectory of an object in motion, • The concept of two dimensional motion by looking at the relationship between the vertical and horizontal motions of objects launched horizontally, • To study the properties of projectile motion, Introduction In a previous experiment we studied the motion of an object in 1-dimension. In this experiment you will look much further into motion experiments by examining motion in two dimensions. From Newton’s Laws of motion the displacement of an object can be obtained from the relation; 𝑑 = 𝑣 𝑜 𝑡 + 1 2 𝑎𝑡 2 (1) Where d is the displacement, 𝑣 𝑜 the initial velocity, t the time and ɑ the acceleration. Projectile motion on the other hand is a form of motion where an object thrown obliquely near the earth's surface, moves along a curved path under the influence of gravity. The path is termed the trajectory of the object. A few real life examples of projectile motion are throwing a free- throw in a basketball game, kicking a rugby ball or even long jumping. You have probably watched a ball roll off a table and strike the floor or seen a soccer player kicked a ball over a wall of players into a goal. • What determines where the ball will land in both instances? • Could you predict where it will land? In this experiment, we will use a projectile launcher to better understand the kinematics and dynamics of projectile motion. Since measurements for these experiments involve single point measurements of time, velocity or range, the photo-gate Timer and recording paper are the ideal instruments for this experiment. You will use this information and your knowledge of Physics to predict where the ball will land when it first hits the floor. From the motion of a steel ball projected horizontally, the initial velocity of the ball can be determined using kinetics. With a known initial velocity, the range of the projectile can be predicted. It is also essential to note that, the initial height of the projectile affects the range, therefore for a given initial height, the initial velocity and range would be investigated. In addition, we will investigate the relationship between the launch angles, and the range. The motion of a launched object of mass m with initial velocity 𝑣 𝑜 at an angle 𝜃 relative to the horizontal can be treated easily by breaking the velocity vector down to horizontal and vertical
components. Note that the ball has only one force acting on it and that is gravity and we neglect the effect of resistance in this lab experiment. The easiest way to treat this is by evaluating the horizontal and vertical positions in terms of the time (t) as two independent resultant motions using the equations of motion. Note that for a projectile fired horizontally i.e. 𝜽 = 0°. Experiment: Copy and paste the link below https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/projectile-motion/latest/projectile-motion_en.html 1. Double click on “Intro” to open a work area like the one below Activity I: Determining the effect of Initial Height on Range 1. Adjust the height of the cannon launcher to a number between 4 m and 16 m by clicking on the + sign on the cannon to move it up or down. 2. Record the height you set the cannon on.
3. Set the initial velocity on the tub below to a number other than 15 m/s and record the value. 4. Click on the red tub with a cannon on the bottom menu to launch the object. 5. Drag the target icon and place the bull’s eye at the point where the object hits the ground. That would give you the range of the object. 6. Change the height of the launcher (using step 1) and repeat steps 2, 4 and 5 for 5 additional heights. 7. Tabulate your results and explain the correlation between the height of the cannon above the ground and the range of the object launched. Activity II: Determining the Time of travel 1. Set the height of the cannon to a value of your choice and record the value 2. Set the value of the “Initial speed” to a value between 6 m/s and 14 m/s 3. On the top right menu, change the object from “pumpkin” to another object. 4. Click on the red tub with a cannon on the bottom menu to launch the object. 5. Drag the target icon and place the bull’s eye at the point where the object hits the ground. That would give you the range of the object. 6. Take a screenshot for your report. 7. Using the height from where the object was launched and the range, calculate the time for flight.
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Activity III: Projectile Range versus Angle Design an experiment and perform it to show the dependence of the range on the launch angle. 1. At what angle is the Range maximum? 2. At what angle is the Range minimum? 3. Does the mass of the ball play a role in the experiment? Explain.

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