Momentum, Force and Work sample work complete (1)

docx

School

University of Florida *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

120

Subject

Physics

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by ColonelLeopard3628

Unit 2b: Momentum, Force and Work TIP: Download this at the start of the unit and complete it as you go through each module. You may use the review on your test. Do not use Brainly or any other answer website to find answers. This is a direct violation of the Honor Code What is Momentum? 1. Define Momentum A: Momentum is an object's attribute that defines how much force is necessary to change its velocity. It's a vector quantity, which means it has magnitude and direction. 2. How are force and momentum different? A: Force and momentum vary in that force is an external effect that changes an object's momentum, whereas momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity. Force is measured in newtons, but momentum is measured in kilogram meters per second. 3. What is the formula for momentum? A: Momentum is calculated using the formula p = m*v, where p represents momentum, m is the object's mass, and v is its velocity. The unit for momentum is kilogram meters per second (kg m/s). 4. Describe the momentum in a closed system. Is there a formula? A: If no external forces operate on a closed system, its overall momentum stays constant. This is known as the momentum conservation law. The overall momentum of a closed system is calculated by adding the individual momenta of all the system's objects. Conservation of Momentum 5. What is a system? A: A system is a collection of interacting things or components that are being investigated or studied. It might be a physical system, like a collection of particles, or a mental system, like a set of equations or concepts. 6. How is a closed system different from an open system? A: A closed system has no mass or energy exchange with its surroundings, which means no matter or energy enters or exits the system. An open system, on the other hand, permits mass or energy to be exchanged with its surroundings. 7. How does a newton’s cradle deompstrate conservation of momentum? A: Newton's cradle is a pendulum suspension mechanism that demonstrates momentum conservation. When one sphere is lifted, the other moves outward, maintaining the overall momentum. 8. How does a space shuttle use conservation of momentum to leave earth? A: A space shuttle uses controlled combustion and non-recoverable propellant gasses to leave Earth, gaining momentum through Newton's third law of motion. This force overcomes Earth's gravitational pull, enabling it to reach space. 9. Why do astronauts need to be tethered on a space walk? A: During a spacewalk, astronauts are tied to safeguard their safety and avoid floating away in the microgravity environment. The tether restricts and controls their mobility, allowing them to be reeled back in if needed. Using Vectors to describe momentum 10. Why is velocity considered a vector quantity? A: Velocity is classified as a vector quantity since it has magnitude and direction. It defines how fast and in which direction an object is moving. 11. What components do the arrows on a vector represent? A: Arrows are commonly used to depict the components of a vector. The arrowhead denotes the vector's direction, while the arrow's length reflects its magnitude.

12. How do you add vectors for vector sum? A: The head-to-tail approach adds vectors by drawing the final vector from the tail of one vector and the head of the preceding vector. 13. What is the difference between an elastic and inelastic collision? A: Elastic collisions retain both kinetic energy and momentum, allowing objects to bounce off one other with no energy loss, whereas inelastic collisions save momentum but lose kinetic energy. 14. How is conservation of momentum useful in a traffic accident? A: Conservation of momentum is crucial in traffic accidents as it ensures constant system momentum, allowing analysis of forces and velocities to determine fault and cause of the accident. 15. What is angular momentum? A: Angular momentum is a characteristic of spinning objects that characterizes their rotational motion. It is comparable to linear momentum, but only applies to objects that rotate around an axis. 16. What is meant by moment of inertia? A: Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in rotational motion depending on its mass distribution and form. 17. What is a tangential force on a merry go round? A: A tangential force on a merry-go-round is defined as a force exerted at a tangent to the rotating object's circular motion. This force produces a change in the speed or direction of rotation. 18. What is the formula for angular momentum? A: The formula for angular momentum is L = Iω, where L represents angular momentum, I is the moment of inertia, and ω is the angular velocity. 19. Why does a skator spin faster if they pull in their arms? A: When a skater pulls in their arms, their moment of inertia reduces because the mass moves closer to the axis of rotation. The conservation of angular momentum requires that when the moment of inertia drops, the angular velocity increases. This increase in angular velocity leads the skater to spin more quickly. 20. What are kepler’s laws? A: Kepler's laws describe planets' motion around the Sun, including the Law of Ellipses, which states that each planet orbits the Sun in an elliptical path, the Law of Equal Areas, which states that the planet's orbital period is directly proportional to its semi-major axis length. Identifying Systems with Zero Net Force 21. How do you tell if there is not a net force on a system? A: To establish if there is no net force on a system, study the different forces operating on it and assess their total impact. Proving Conservation of Momentum 22. Calculate the momentum of a toy car with a mass of .033 kg, traveling 1.23 m in 3.2 s. A: Momentum = mass * velocity. Velocity = distance / time Velocity = 1.23 m / 3.2 s = 0.384375 m/s. Momentum = 0.033 kg * 0.384375 m/s = 0.012703125 kg*m/s Force and Work Relationships 23. How is work calculated? A: Work is computed by multiplying the force applied to an item by its displacement in the direction of the force. The formula to calculate work is: Work = Force x Displacement x Cos(θ). Work and Power 24. List 2 ways work can be done on an object. A: Work on an item can be done by numerous techniques, such as applying a force and moving it in the desired direction. Applying energy to a thing, such as by heating or electrical methods.

25. What is power and how is it calculated? A: Power is the rate of work or energy transfer, calculated by dividing work or energy by time, and is measured in watts (W), using the equation P = W/T. Essay Questions: Directions: Below are essay questions you may encounter on your test. Please prepare your answers now and use this sheet to help you write your answers on the test. DO NOT COPY any answers from Brainly or any other outside sources. That is a direct violation of the Honor Code. I will be looking for those specifically. Your answer must come from information provided in the lessons. DO NOT POST THESE QUESTIONS ON ANY ANSWER SITE. That is a direct violation of the Honor Code. A blue and a green billiard ball, each with a mass of 0.15 kg collide directly. Before the collision, the blue ball had a speed of 3 m/s while the green ball had a speed of 2 m/s. After the collision, the blue ball stays in place while the green ball continues in motion. Calculate the speed of the green ball after the collision and indicate the direction it is traveling after the collision. You MUST use the conservation of momentum formula and follow the format given below. Givens: Mass of blue ball (mb) = 0.15 kg Mass of green ball (mg) = 0.15 kg Initial velocity of blue ball (vb, initial) = 3 m/s Initial velocity of green ball (vg, initial) = 2 m/s Unknown: Final velocity of green ball (vg, final) Equation: Conservation of momentum equation: mb * vb, initial + mg * vg, initial = mb * vb, final + mg * vg, final Substitution: mb = 0.15 kg mg = 0.15 kg vb, initial = 3 m/s vg, initial = 2 m/s Solve: Using the conservation of momentum equation, we can solve for vg, final: (0.15 kg * 3 m/s) + (0.15 kg * 2 m/s) = (0.15 kg * 0 m/s) + (0.15 kg * vg, final) (0.45 kg m/s) + (0.3 kg m/s) = 0 + (0.15 kg * vg, final) 0.75 kg m/s = 0.15 kg * vg, final Dividing both sides of the equation by 0.15 kg: ((0.75 kg m/s) / 0.15 kg) = ((0.15 kg * vg, final) / 0.15 kg) 5 m/s = vg, final

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Related Documents

Lab Report 1.pdf

PHYS 259 W2024 - Lab 1 - Charges and Forces.pdf

Phet Waves Intro Water Sound Light (1).docx

PHY110A Online_Lab2_Free Fall-2 (Repaired).doc

Radio_Waves_Student_Directions (1).docx

collision lab report.docx

lab 29 report.pdf

physics 6AL lab one-2.pdf

phys 6AL math lab.pdf

Module 2-2 Equipotential II.docx

WavesonaStringRemoteLab_MiaMartinez.docx

Physics Lab Report #1.doc

Recommended textbooks for you

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...

Physics

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

University Physics Volume 1

Physics

ISBN:9781938168277

Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...

Physics

ISBN:9781305116399

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...

Physics

ISBN:9781337553292

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Physics

ISBN:9781337553278

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Inquiry into Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781337515863

Author:Ostdiek

Publisher:Cengage

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...
Physics
ISBN:9780078807213
Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
University Physics Volume 1
Physics
ISBN:9781938168277
Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Inquiry into Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781337515863
Author:Ostdiek
Publisher:Cengage