WavesonaStringRemoteLab_MiaMartinez

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Waves on a String Remote Lab Explain your understanding: 1. Write a list of characteristics to describe the waves. Describe each characteristic in your own words so that any person could understand waves. Use images to help with the descriptions. Tips: Later during this lab, you will relate your own descriptions to scientific ones. It is important that you have your own words to begin your learning, so don’t do any research yet. Also, learning is best when you make your own drawings. Perhaps you can insert images of your own drawings. if not then use images from Waves on a String that look like your drawings. Wave Characteristics: a. Crest – the highest point of the wave b. Trough- the lowest point of the wave c. Wavelength- distance from crest to trough to the next (m) d. Wave steepness- ratio of wave height to wavelength e. Amplitude- distance between the crest and center line of wave or the distance between the bottom of the trough to the center wave. f. Wave period- time for one full wavelength to pass a given point (s). Expand your understanding: For steps 2-5 Investigate waves with Oscillate and No End Tips: Helpful tools and 2. Use the Amplitude slider . Answer the questions; include images a. Define Amplitude in everyday language. Amplitude is the distance between the crest and center line of the wave or the distance between the bottom of the tough to the center wave line. 3/30/30 Loeblein adapted for remote learning from https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/edit/2819 page 1

b. Explain how the wave behaves as the Amplitude changes using the characteristics you described in #1 At zero amplitude, the string is at equilibrium. As amplitude increases, the crest gets higher as the trough decreases. The crest and trough are always the same distance from equilibrium. The wavelength and wave speed also remain the same at any amplitude. 3. Use the Frequency slider . Answer the questions; include images. a. Define Frequency in everyday language. Frequency is the number of cycles that the wave completes in a certain amount of time. In the simulation, it is the speed of the pump. b. Explain how the wave behaves as the Frequency changes using the characteristics you described in #1 Amplitude is not affected when frequency is increased. Wavelength gets smaller as frequency increases 4. Use the Tension slider . Answer the questions; include images. a. Define Tension in everyday language. Tension is the pull force exerted by a string on an object. b. Explain how the wave behaves as the Tension changes using the characteristics you described in #1 High tension makes the string’s balls attach to each other, but lower tension makes the ball’s separate and makes the amplitude hard to determine. The wavelength does not change with low tension. 3/30/30 Loeblein adapted for remote learning from https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/edit/2819 page 2

5. Use the Damping slider . Answer the questions; include images. a. Define Damping in everyday language. Damping is the restraining of vibrating motion. b. Explain how the wave behaves as the Damping changes using the characteristics you described in #1 If there is no damping, then the wave does not end. Amplitude and wave speed stay the same, but increased damping makes waves end quicker. With full damping, waves complete one cycle. 6. Hold the end of a real rope or the corner of a blanket. Shake to make several waves. a. How can you change the Amplitude of the wave? The wave’s amplitude can change by altering the amplitude of vibration The amplitude of the wave can be changed by changing the amplitude of vibration. b. How can you change the Frequency of the wave? The frequency of the wave can be changed by an increased vibration, so frequency is increased. c. Did you make waves more like Manual, Oscillate or Pulse? The waves were more manual-like . d. Use the simulation to show how your real experiment would look for changing Amplitude . (Explain your experiment and insert images here) Amplitude change would make the distance increase, as decreased amplitude would call for distance decrease. 3/30/30 Loeblein adapted for remote learning from https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/edit/2819 page 3

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e. Use the simulation to show how your real experiment would look for changing Frequency . (Explain your experiment and insert images here) The time taken vertically for the wave transfer should be T/2 to decrease the time and increase the frequency of waves (amplitude staying the same). The time increases to decrease the frequency of waves. Practice applying your understanding: 7. A wave was generated by Oscillation and paused at two different times. The differences would be the particle position in the wave at different positions and times. The velocity of the particles also have different magnitudes and directions. The acceleration of particles is also different. The similarities are the wavelength and wave speed, as they remain the same. Investigate for understanding: 8. Make a wave with the Oscillator with no Damping a. Measure the vertical and horizontal location of a green ball with the ruler and record the time. Use to collect data to make a data table of the time, vertical and horizontal positions of the same green ball. Make sure to include observations when the green ball is above and below the middle line. 3/30/30 Loeblein adapted for remote learning from https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/edit/2819 page 4

time Vertical (cm) Horizontal (cm) 06.49 1.90 2.50 08.57 1.87 2.60 10.03 2.18 2.60 11.49 2.20 2.65 12.61 3.30 2.59 15.73 2.21 2.55 16.81 2.60 2.60 18.31 2.18 2.65 20.33 2.22 2.45 22.53 3.50 2.50 24.23 1.90 2.50 b. Make graphs of vertical position versus time and horizontal position versus time . Describe or include images of each graph. c. How do the graphs help you understand the characteristics of waves? The graphs show damping waves and how amplitudes decrease over time. d. Predict how the graphs will look if you increase the damping. Test your ideas and explain why damping affects the graphs. As damping is increased, amplitude of waves decreases. The line will soon turn straight. 9. Investigate how waves behave with other settings: Fixed , Loose , Manual , Pulse . Write a summary of your observations including images for evidence. In the fixed setting, the signal moved toward the left with the x-axis being fixed at 0. Once reached, it inverted down by the string’s strong pull. 3/30/30 Loeblein adapted for remote learning from https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/edit/2819 page 5

In the loose setting, the loose end of the wave is set at a x point, and once it reaches the max amplitude, it comes down to normal. In the manual setting, the wave is a non-continuous pulse wave. It is set as continuous in the oscillation set-up. In the pulse setting, one crest is set by moving up and down. 3/30/30 Loeblein adapted for remote learning from https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/edit/2819 page 6

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Test your understanding: The figure below shows a rope on a smooth floor with a knot at point A. Someone has shaken the end sideways to make a pulse. You are looking down and taking a movie of the motion. Below is one freeze frame of the movie. Underline your answer for each situation: 1. If you advance the movie one frame, the knot at point A would be a) in the same place b) higher c) lower d) to the right e) to the left 2. If the person generates a new pulse like the first but more quickly, the pulse would be a) same size b) wider c) narrower 3. If the person generates another pulse like the first but he moves his hand further, the pulse would be a) same size b) taller c) shorter 4. If the person generates another pulse like the first but the rope is tightened, the pulse will move a) at the same rate b) faster c) slower Now the person moves his hand back and forth several times to produce several waves. You freeze the movie and get this snapshot. Underline your answer for each situation: 5. If you advance the movie one frame, the knot at point A would be a) in the same place b) higher c) lower d) to the right e) to the left 6. If you advance the movie one frame, the pattern of the waves will be _________relative to the hand. a) in the same place b) shifted right c) shifted left d) shifted up e) shifted down 7. If the person starts over and moves his hand more quickly, the peaks of the waves will be a) the same distance apart b) further apart c) closer together 8. If you lower the frequency of a wave on a string you will a) lower its speed. b) increase its wavelength. c). lower its amplitude. d) shorten its period. 3/30/30 Loeblein adapted for remote learning from https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/edit/2819 page 7

9. Consider this wave approaching a fixed end Which shows the wave after it reflects? The Answer is C 3/30/30 Loeblein adapted for remote learning from https://phet.colorado.edu/en/contributions/edit/2819 page 8

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